[¹Ì±¹] õ¿¬°¡½º ¹ßÀü¼Ò°¡ »ç¿ë ¿¬·á 20% Àú°¨ ±â¼ú °³¹ß ¹Ì ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎ, õ¿¬°¡½º ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿Í ¿¬°èÇÑ Å¾翡³ÊÁö È°¿ëÅ°·Î
¹Ì±¹ ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎ(Department of Energy) »êÇÏÀÇ PNNL(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)Àº õ¿¬°¡½º ¹ßÀü¼Ò°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿¬·áÀÇ 20%¸¦ Àú°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº õ¿¬°¡½º¿Í ž籤À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ dzºÎÇÑ ÇÕ¼º°¡½º(Syngas)¸¦ Á¦Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ ¿¬¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î Àü±â¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
PNNL ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÎ Bob WegengÀº ¡°PNNLÀÌ °³¹ßÇÑ ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¾çÀÇ Àü±â¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ¸é¼ Ãµ¿¬°¡½º »ç¿ë·®Àº ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ È¼®¿¬·á ¹ßÀü°ú °æÀï·ÂÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æÁ¦¼º°ú ÇÔ²² ¿Â½Ç°¡½º(Greenhouse Gas) ¹èÃâµµ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù. PNNLÀº ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇöÀå Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ À̹ø ¿©¸§¿¡ ½Ç½ÃÇÒ °èȹÀÌ´Ù.
°ª½Ñ õ¿¬°¡½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ Á¡Â÷ Áõ°¡Çϸé¼, À̽ýºÅÛÀº ¹ßÀü¼Ò ź¼Ò ¹èÃâ Àú°¨¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. DOEÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö°ü¸®Ã»(Energy Information Administration, EIA)Àº ¿À´Â 2020³â±îÁö ±¹°¡ Àü±â»ý»êÀÇ 27%¸¦ õ¿¬°¡½º¿¡¼ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù. WegengÀº PNNLÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¹Ì ³²¼ºÎ¿Í °°ÀÌ Å¾籤ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿¡ ÃÖÀûÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
PNNLÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» õ¿¬°¡½º ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ÀÌ ¹ßÀü¼Ò´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¡®Å¾ç¿-°¡½º¡¯ ¹ßÀü¼Ò°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº žç¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© õ¿¬°¡½º¸¦ ¼ö¼Ò¿Í ÀÏ»êÈź¼Ò°¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ÇÕ¼º°¡½º·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÕ¼º°¡½º´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö ÇÔ·®ÀÌ ³ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °°Àº ¾çÀÇ Àü±â¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ¸é¼ Ãµ¿¬°¡½º ¼Òºñ·®Àº 20% ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº Áý±¤Çü ž翹ßÀü(Concentrating Solar Power) ±â¼úÀ» È°¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áý±¤Çü ž翹ßÀüÀº µ¸º¸±âó·³ Å¾籤À» Çϳª·Î ÁýÁßÇÏ¿© ¿ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù. PNNLÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÆĶ󺼸¯ Á¢½Ã(Parabolic Dish)Çü ¹Ý»ç°æÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© žç¿À» ¼öÁýÇÑ ÈÄ À̸¦ ÇÕ¼º°¡½º Á¦Á¶¿¡ È°¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±æÀÌ ¾à 4ÇÇÆ®, ³ÐÀÌ ¾à 2ÇÇÆ®ÀÇ ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÈÇÐ ¹ÝÀÀ±â¿Í ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿ ±³È¯±â·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÝÀÀ±â´Â 10¼¾Æ® µ¿Àü ¾à 6°³¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÆøÀ» °¡Áø Á¼Àº ä³Î(Narrow Channel)À» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ °÷À¸·Î ÁýÁßµÈ Å¾籤Àº ¹ÝÀÀ±â ä³ÎÀ» Åë°úÇϴ õ¿¬°¡½º¸¦ °¡¿½ÃÅ°°í, ä³Î ³» µé¾î ÀÖ´Â Ã˸Ÿ¦ ÅëÇØ Ãµ¿¬°¡½º´Â ÇÕ¼º°¡½º·Î º¯È¯µÈ´Ù.
¿±³È¯±â´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôº¸´Ù ¸î ¹è µÎ²¨¿î ´õ Á¼Àº ä³Îµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿±³È¯±âÀÇ Ã¤³ÎµéÀº ÈÇйÝÀÀ¿¡¼ ³²´Â ¿À» ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À» ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á º¸´Ù È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î õ¿¬°¡½º¸¦ ÇÕ¼º°¡½º·Î º¯È¯½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ãʱâ ÇÁ·ÎÅäŸÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å×½ºÆ® °á°ú, ž翡³ÊÁöÀÇ 60%°¡ ÇÕ¼º°¡½º¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ÈÇп¡³ÊÁö·Î º¯È¯Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
PNNLÀº Á¦Á¶ °æÁ¦¼ºÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ¸é¼ È¿À²À» °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇØ Ãʱ⿡ Á¦ÀÛµÈ ÇÁ·ÎÅäŸÀÔÀ» °³¼±ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̹ø ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¿¡´Â ´ë·® »ý»êÀ» À§ÇÑ ºñ¿ë-È¿À²ÀûÀÎ Á¦Á¶ ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â °Íµµ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À·¹°ï ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐ(Oregon State University)°ú PNNLÀÌ °øµ¿À¸·Î ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â Microproducts Breakthrough Institute´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¦Á¶¹æ¾ÈÀ» µµÃâÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.
WegengÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Àüü ºñ¿ëÀ» ³·Ãç ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ õ¿¬°¡½º ¹ßÀü¼ÒÀÇ Àü±â »ý»êºñ¿ëÀ» 2020³â±îÁö kWh´ç 6¼¾Æ® ÀÌÇÏ·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý»êºñ¿ëÀº ÀÏ¹Ý È¼®¿¬·á ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ ÇÏÀ̺긮µå žç¿-°¡½º ¹ßÀü¼ÒÀÇ °æÀï·ÂÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ¸é¼ ¿Â½Ç°¡½º ¹èÃâÀº ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÈ´Ù.
»õ·Î¿î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ Ãµ¿¬°¡½º ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿¡ Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ °³¼ö´Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò Å©±â¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 500 MWÀÇ ¹ßÀü¼Ò¿¡´Â PNNL ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú ÇÔ²² ¾à 3,000°³ÀÇ ÆĶ󺼸¯ Á¢½Ã°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ žç¹ßÀü ±â¼ú°ú ´Þ¸® PNNLÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÇØ°¡ Áø ÀÌÈijª ±¸¸§ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ³¯¿¡ ¿î¿µÀ» ÁߴܽÃų ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¿ìȸÇÏ¿© °ð¹Ù·Î õ¿¬°¡½º ¿¬¼Ò°¡ °¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
WegengÀº PNNL ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» È°¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼ö¼Û¿ë ¿¬·á¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾È¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ °í·ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÕ¼º°¡½º´Â ÇÕ¼º¿øÀ¯(Synthetic Crude Oil)¸¦ Á¦Á¶Çϴµ¥ È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ Á¤Á¦ÇÏ¸é µðÁ©À̳ª ÈÖ¹ßÀ¯¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
[¿ø¹®º¸±â]
Solar Booster Shot for Natural Gas Power Plants
Apr. 11, 2013 - Natural gas power plants can use about 20 percent less fuel when the sun is shining by injecting solar energy into natural gas with a new system being developed by the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The system converts natural gas and sunlight into a more energy-rich fuel called syngas, which power plants can burn to make electricity.
Our system will enable power plants to use less natural gas to produce the same amount of electricity they already make," said PNNL engineer Bob Wegeng, who is leading the project. "At the same time, the system lowers a power plant's greenhouse gas emissions at a cost that's competitive with traditional fossil fuel power."
PNNL will conduct field tests of the system at its sunny campus in Richland, Wash., this summer.
With the U.S. increasingly relying on inexpensive natural gas for energy, this system can reduce the carbon footprint of power generation. DOE's Energy Information Administration estimates natural gas will make up 27 percent of the nation's electricity by 2020. Wegeng noted PNNL's system is best suited for power plants located in sunshine-drenched areas such as the American Southwest.
Installing PNNL's system in front of natural gas power plants turns them into hybrid solar-gas power plants. The system uses solar heat to convert natural gas into syngas, a fuel containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Because syngas has a higher energy content, a power plant equipped with the system can consume about 20 percent less natural gas while producing the same amount of electricity.
This decreased fuel usage is made possible with concentrating solar power, which uses a reflecting surface to concentrate the sun's rays like a magnifying glass. PNNL's system uses a mirrored parabolic dish to direct sunbeams to a central point, where a PNNL-developed device absorbs the solar heat to make syngas.
Macro savings, micro technology About four feet long and two feet wide, the device contains a chemical reactor and several heat exchangers. The reactor has narrow channels that are as wide as six dimes stacked on top of each other. Concentrated sunlight heats up the natural gas flowing through the reactor's channels, which hold a catalyst that helps turn natural gas into syngas.
The heat exchanger features narrower channels that are a couple times thicker than a strand of human hair. The exchanger's channels help recycle heat left over from the chemical reaction gas. By reusing the heat, solar energy is used more efficiently to convert natural gas into syngas. Tests on an earlier prototype of the device showed more than 60 percent of the solar energy that hit the system's mirrored dish was converted into chemical energy contained in the syngas.
Lower-carbon cousin to traditional power plants PNNL is refining the earlier prototype to increase its efficiency while creating a design that can be made at a reasonable price. The project includes developing cost-effective manufacturing techniques that could be used for the mass production. The manufacturing methods will be developed by PNNL staff at the Microproducts Breakthrough Institute, a research and development facility in Corvallis, Ore., that is jointly managed by PNNL and Oregon State University.
Wegeng's team aims to keep the system's overall cost low enough so that the electricity produced by a natural gas power plant equipped with the system would cost no more than 6 cents per kilowatt-hour by 2020. Such a price tag would make hybrid solar-gas power plants competitive with conventional, fossil fuel-burning power plants while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The system is adaptable to a large range of natural gas power plant sizes. The number of PNNL devices needed depends on a particular power plant's size. For example, a 500 MW plant would need roughly 3,000 dishes equipped with PNNL's device.
Unlike many other solar technologies, PNNL's system doesn't require power plants to cease operations when the sun sets or clouds cover the sky. Power plants can bypass the system and burn natural gas directly.
Though outside the scope of the current project, Wegeng also envisions a day when PNNL's solar-driven system could be used to create transportation fuels. Syngas can also be used to make synthetic crude oil, which can be refined into diesel and gasoline than runs our cars.
[¿ø¹®Ãâó:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130411152332]
|