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* °ü·Ã³í¹® : Physical Review Letters, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.213901
 
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Rogue wave ahoy! New technique can predict surprise sea threat

Giant rogue waves that rise from the deep can do massive damage to ships and oil platforms. That's because they can be up to twice as tall as surrounding waves; and also seem to strike without warning. Now a new study says these sea monsters may give some hints before they appear.

To find out how random rogue waves actually are, Günter Steinmeyer and his colleagues at the Max Born Institute in Berlin, Germany, examined wave heights measured over time at the Draupner oil platform off the coast of Norway, where a rogue wave struck in 1995. They sliced the data into segments of varying length, looking for those with nearly identical features. Then they randomly shuffled the data and again looked for such repeated events.

The team found more repeated events in the original data than in the shuffled versions, meaning that the rogue wave had identifiable precursors, rather than appearing completely randomly. "You can be sure that there is some determinism in the data," says Steinmeyer.

In 2007, researchers discovered rogue waves also occur in fibre-optic cables when unusually strong pulses of light are generated seemingly at random. But when the team applied their method to optical-fibre data, they found no difference between the original and shuffled versions.

Steinmeyer says this means rogue ocean waves are deterministic and have a small amount of predictability. This is because rogue ocean waves arise from turbulence, which is difficult to predict, he says, but not random at its core, he says. In the best case scenario such waves might be predicted 10 to 20 seconds before impact.

By contrast, the fact that optical rogue waves are completely unpredictable is probably because they are based on quantum fluctuations, says Steinmeyer. "What this shows is really that 'rogueness' and predictability have nothing to do with each other."

The results are surprising, but not implausible, says Fedor Mitschke of the University of Rostock in Berlin. He thinks this work could provide a toolbox to decide whether a system is or is not predictable.
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