Áñ°Üã±â Ãß°¡     ½ÃÀÛÆäÀÌÁö·Î ¼³Á¤ óÀ½À¸·Î  l  ·Î±×ÀΠ l  È¸¿ø°¡ÀÔ  l  »çÀÌÆ®¸Ê

>
ȸ¿ø°¡ÀÔ   l   ¾ÆÀ̵ð/ºñ¹Ð¹øȣã±â
¡®Á¦38ȸ 2023³â »ó¹Ý±â ...
¡®Á¦37ȸ 2022³â ÇϹݱâ ...
Á¦37ȸ ¡¸2022³â ÇϹݱâ ...
 
HOME > ÇؿܽÃÀåÁ¤º¸ > ±¹°¡º° ÇöȲ
  main_center °Ô½ÃÆÇÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ »ý¼ºµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.  
[ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«] [2015] [ij³ª´Ù] ´ë¼­¾ç °³ºù±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â µ¥µåÁ¸
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2015-05-06 Á¶È¸¼ö 741
ÆÄÀÏ÷ºÎ
[ij³ª´Ù] ´ë¼­¾ç °³ºù±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â µ¥µåÁ¸
 
µ¶ÀÏ°ú ij³ª´Ù °úÇÐÀÚ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº »ê¼Ò°¡ ±Øµµ·Î ³·Àº Áö¿ªÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ ±×°÷Àº ¿­´ë ºÏ´ë¼­¾ç, ¼­ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ±ÙÇØ¿¡¼­ ¼ö¹é ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ¿¡ À̸¥´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇØ¾ç µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¼­½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÌ µ¥µåÁ¸Àº ´ë¼­¾ç °³ºù±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº »ê¼Ò ³óµµ¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¥µåÁ¸Àº ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î ´À¸®°Ô À̵¿Çϸ鼭 ȸ¿À¸®¿Í ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌÄ¡´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ¹°¿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç ÀÌ °°Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÃÖ±Ù ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÁö±¸°úÇÐ(Biogeosciences)¿¡ ÃÖ±Ù °ÔÀçµÅ ´«±æÀ» ²ø°í ÀÖ´Ù.

µ¥µåÁ¸Àº Çؾ翡¼­ »ê¼Ò°¡ °í°¥µÈ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î, ¹°°í±â¿Í °Ô °°Àº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇØ¾ç µ¿¹°Àº ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ ¼­½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ ƯÁ¤ ¹Ì»ý¹°¸¸ÀÌ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ȯ°æÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ ¿Ü¿¡µµ µ¥µåÁ¸Àº »ó¾÷ÀûÀÎ ¾î¾÷°ú °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØ°ü°è°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸Å¿ì ³·Àº »ê¼Ò ³óµµ´Â ¹ßƽÇØ(Baltic Sea)¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ÇؾçÀÇ ¾î¾÷·® °¨¼Ò¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ´Ù.

³í¹®ÀÇ ÁÖÀúÀÚÀÎ Ç︧ȦÃ÷ Çؾ翬±¸¼Ò(GEOMAR, the Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel) ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ ¿äÇϳ׽º Ä«½ºÅÙ¼¾(Johannes Karstensen)Àº ¡°ÀÌÀü ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ºÏ´ë¼­¾ç °³¹æ ±¸¿ªÀÇ ÃÖÀú »ê¼Ò³óµµ°¡ Çؼö ¸®ÅÍ´ç 40¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ¸ô ¶Ç´Â ¿ëÁ¸»ê¼Ò°¡ 1¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍ·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ÀÌ »ê¼Ò ³óµµ´Â ³·Áö¸¸ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹°°í±âµéÀÌ »ýÁ¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇöÀç ÃøÁ¤µÈ »ê¼Ò ³óµµÀÇ ÃÖÀú ¼öÁØÀº °ú°Å ÃÖÀú ¼öÄ¡º¸´Ù ¾à 20¹è³ª ³·¾Æ µ¥µåÁ¸¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »ê¼Ò°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇØ¾ç »ý¹°ÀÌ ¼­½ÄÇϱ⿡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù.

µ¥µåÁ¸Àº °­ÀÌ Á¾Á¾ ºñ·á¿Í ´Ù¸¥ È­ÇÐÀû ¿µ¾ç¼Ò¸¦ ÇؾçÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â Çؾȼ± ±Ùó¿¡¼­ ´ëºÎºÐ ¹ß»ýÇϸç ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀº ¼öÈ­Çö»óÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. Á¶·ù°¡ Á×°í ÇØÀú·Î °¡¶ó¾É¾Æ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐÇصǴµ¥ »ê¼Ò°¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÇØ·ù´Â ÀÌ Àú»ê¼Ò Çؼö¸¦ ÇؾÈÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿î¹ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ °³ºù±¸¿ª¿¡¼­ µ¥µåÁ¸ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù.

»õ·Î ¹ß°ßµÈ µ¥µåÁ¸Àº ¼Ò¿ëµ¹À̸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ µ¶Æ¯Çѵ¥, °Å´ëÇÑ ¹°ÀÌ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ ÆÐÅÏ¿¡¼­ ȸÀüÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ä«½ºÅÙ¼¾Àº ¡°¸Å¿ì ÀÚ¼¼È÷ °üÃøµÈ ±Ø¼Ò¼öÀÇ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ´Â Á÷°æ 100~150ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ, ¼ö ¹é ¹ÌÅÍ ³ôÀÌÀÇ È¸ÀüÇÏ´Â ½Ç¸°´õÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µ¥µåÁ¸Àº »óºÎ 100¹ÌÅÍ Á¤µµ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Àâ´Â´Ù¡±°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. µ¥µåÁ¸ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ ºÎ±ÙÀÇ Áö¿ªÀº »ê¼Ò ³óµµ°¡ ³ô´Ù.

Ä«½ºÅÙ¼¾Àº ¡°¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌÀÇ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ È¸ÀüÀº ȸÀüÇÏ´Â ÇØ·ù¿Í ÁÖº¯ ÇØ¾ç »çÀÌÀÇ °æ°è¸¦ °¡·ÎÁö¸£´Â »ê¼ÒÀÇ ±³È¯À» ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù¡±¸é¼­ ¡°´õ¿íÀÌ ¼øȯÀº °­ÇÑ ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» µÞ¹ÞħÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ Ä¡´Â ¹°ÀÇ Á¤»ó¿¡¼­ ¼ö½Ê ¹ÌÅÍ¿¡ À̸£´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾èÀº ÃþÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù¡±°í ÀüÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀº ÇؾÈÁö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¼öÈ­ Çö»ó°ú ºñ½ÁÇϸç ħ°­ÇÏ´Â ½Ä¹° ¹°ÁúÀ» ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ°¡ ºÐÇØÇϸ鼭 ÀÌ¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ »ê¼Ò¸¦ ½ÉÇØ¿¡¼­ ¼ÒºñÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¾î ±×´Â ¡°ÃøÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ ¿ì¸®´Â ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ ³»¿¡¼­ »ê¼ÒÀÇ ¼Òºñ°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Çؾç Á¶°Çº¸´Ù 5¹è ÀÌ»ó ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤Çß´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

À̹ø ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸µÈ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ´Â ¼­¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ÇؾÈÀ» µû¶ó È帣´Â ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î µÇ´Â °÷¿¡¼­ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ±×µéÀº Áö±¸ÀÚÀüÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î õõÈ÷ ¿©·¯ ´Þ µ¿¾È À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù. KarstensenÀº ¡°Ãʱ⿡ »ê¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¹°Àº ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌÀÇ È¸Àü ¼Óµµ ¹× ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀå°ú °°Àº ÀÎÀÚ¿¡ Á¿ìµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ¿í »ê¼Ò°¡ °í°¥µÇ°í µ¥µåÁ¸Àº ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ ³»¿¡¼­ ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº »ê¼Ò ³óµµ´Â ¹«»ê¼Ò¿¡ °¡±î¿î ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ Çؼö ¸®ÅÍ´ç 0.3¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍÀÏ »ÓÀ̶ó°í º¸°íÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼öÄ¡´Â ´õ¿í ±ØÀûÀε¥ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ ¹Ù±ùÀÇ ¾èÀº ±íÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â »ê¼Ò ¼öÁØ°ú ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§ 100¹è³ª ³ô±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¼­ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ÇؾÈ(West African)°ú Ä«º¸º£¸£µ¥ Á¦µµ(Cape Verde Islands) ±ÙÇØ¿¡¼­ °üÃøÀ» ÁöµµÇϸ鼭 »ê¼Ò ³óµµ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇؼöÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ, ¿Âµµ, ¿°ºÐµµ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ µ¥µåÁ¸À» ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÎÇ¥¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸î °¡Áö ÅøÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇßÀ¸¸ç ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ Çؾç Ç¥¸éÀÇ »ö»óÀ» °üÃøÇÏ´Â ÀΰøÀ§¼ºµµ È°¿ëÇß´Ù.

°üÃø°á°ú ±×µéÀº µ¥µåÁ¸ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ýÅ°迡 ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâµµ ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µ¿¹°¼º ÇöûÅ©ÅæÀº ÇØ¾ç ¸ÔÀ̻罽¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÀÛÀº µ¿¹°·Î ¹ã¿¡´Â ½Ä¹°À» ¸Ô±â À§ÇØ ¼ö¸éÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÑ ÈÄ ³·¿¡´Â Æ÷½ÄÀÚµéÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½ÉÇØÀÇ ¾îµÎ¿î ¹°·Î ¼û´Â´Ù. ÇÑÆí ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ¿¡¼­ µ¿¹°¼º ÇöûÅ©ÅæÀÌ ¼ö¸é¿¡ °è¼Ó ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î ³·¿¡µµ ±×·¯Çϸç ÇϺÎÀÇ Àú»ê¼Ò ȯ°æÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.

Ä«½ºÅÙ¼¾Àº ¡°»ýÅÂ°è ¿µÇâ°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ´Ù¸¥ Ãø¸éÀº »çȸ°æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ Â÷¿ø¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çϸ鼭 ¡°¿ì¸®°¡ °üÃøÇÑ µ¥µåÁ¸Àº Ä«º¸º£¸£µ¥ ±ºµµÀÇ ºÏºÎ 100km ³»¿¡¼­ Áõ½ÄÇϴµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ÇؾÈÀ» Àú»ê¼Ò ÇؼöÀÇ È˼ö·Î µ¤°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Çؾç»ýÅ°迡 ½É°¢ÇÑ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ Áà ¹°°í±â¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ ÇØ¾ç »ý¹°À» ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¼Ò¸ê½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

ÂüÁ¶: J. Karstensen, B. Fiedler, F. Schütte, P. Brandt, A. Körtzinger, G. Fischer, R. Zantopp, J. Hahn, M. Visbeck, D. Wallace. Open ocean dead zones in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeosciences, 2015; 12 (8): 2597 DOI: 10.5194/bg-12-2597-2015
 
[Ãâó = KISTI ¹Ì¸®¾È ¡º±Û·Î¹úµ¿Çâºê¸®ÇΡ»/ 2015³â 5¿ù 6ÀÏ]

[¿ø¹®º¸±â]

'Dead zones' found in Atlantic open waters: Moving west, could lead to mass fish kills

A team of German and Canadian researchers have discovered areas with extremely low levels of oxygen in the tropical North Atlantic, several hundred kilometres off the coast of West Africa. The levels measured in these 'dead zones', inhabitable for most marine animals, are the lowest ever recorded in Atlantic open waters. The dead zones are created in eddies, large swirling masses of water that slowly move westward. Encountering an island, they could potentially lead to mass fish kills. The research is published today in Biogeosciences, an open access journal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU).

Dead zones are areas of the ocean depleted of oxygen. Most marine animals, like fish and crabs, cannot live within these regions, where only certain microorganisms can survive. In addition to the environmental impact, dead zones are an economic concern for commercial fishing, with very low oxygen concentrations having been linked to reduced fish yields in the Baltic Sea and other parts of the world.

"Before our study, it was thought that the open waters of the North Atlantic had minimum oxygen concentrations of about 40 micromol per litre of seawater, or about one millilitre of dissolved oxygen per litre of seawater," says lead-author Johannes Karstensen, a researcher at GEOMAR, the Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, in Kiel, Germany. This concentration of oxygen is low, but still allows most fish to survive. In contrast, the minimum levels of oxygen now measured are some 20 times lower than the previous minimum, making the dead zones nearly void of all oxygen and unsuitable for most marine animals.

Dead zones are most common near inhabited coastlines where rivers often carry fertilisers and other chemical nutrients into the ocean, triggering algae blooms. As the algae die, they sink to the seafloor and are decomposed by bacteria, which use up oxygen in this process. Currents in the ocean can carry these low-oxygen waters away from the coast, but a dead zone forming in the open ocean had not yet been discovered.

The newly discovered dead zones are unique in that they form within eddies, large masses of water spinning in a whirlpool pattern. "The few eddies we observed in greater detail may be thought of as rotating cylinders of 100 to 150 km in diameter and a height of several hundred metres, with the dead zone taking up the upper 100 metres or so," explains Karstensen. The area around the dead-zone eddies remains rich in oxygen.

"The fast rotation of the eddies makes it very difficult to exchange oxygen across the boundary between the rotating current and the surrounding ocean. Moreover, the circulation creates a very shallow layer -- of a few tens of meters -- on top of the swirling water that supports intense plant growth," explains Karstensen. This plant growth is similar to the algae blooms occurring in coastal areas, with bacteria in the deeper waters consuming the available oxygen as they decompose the sinking plant matter. "From our measurements, we estimated that the oxygen consumption within the eddies is some five times larger than in normal ocean conditions."

The eddies studied in the Biogeosciences article form where a current that flows along the West African coast becomes unstable. They then move slowly to the west, for many months, due to the Earth's rotation. "Depending on factors such as the [eddies'] speed of rotation and the plant growth, the initially fairly oxygenated waters get more and more depleted and the dead zones evolve within the eddies," explains Karstensen. The team reports concentrations ranging from close to no oxygen to no more than 0.3 millilitres of oxygen per litre of seawater. These values are all the more dramatic when compared to the levels of oxygen at shallow depths just outside the eddies, which can be up to 100 times higher than those within.

The researchers have been conducting observations in the region off the West African coast and around the Cape Verde Islands for the past seven years, measuring not only oxygen concentrations in the ocean but also water movements, temperature and salinity. To study the dead zones, they used several tools, including drifting floats that often got trapped within the eddies. To measure plant growth, they used satellite observations of ocean surface colour.

Their observations allowed them to measure the properties of the dead zones, as well as study their impact in the ecosystem. Zooplankton -- small animals that play an important role in marine food webs -- usually come up to the surface at night to feed on plants and hide in the deeper, dark waters during the day to escape predators. However, within the eddies, the researchers noticed that zooplankton remained at the surface, even during the day, not entering the low-oxygen environment underneath.

"Another aspect related to the ecosystem impact has a socioeconomic dimension," says Karstensen. "Given that the few dead zones we observed propagated less than 100 km north of the Cape Verde archipelago, it is not unlikely that an open-ocean dead zone will hit the islands at some point. This could cause the coast to be flooded with low-oxygen water, which may put severe stress on the coastal ecosystems and may even provoke fish kills and the die-off of other marine life."
¨Ï±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ(www.waterindustry.co.kr) ¹«´ÜÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷±ÝÁö
ÀÌÀü±Û [ÀϺ»] ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Í½ºÀÇ °³¼±À¸·Î ¿Â½Ç°¡½º »è°¨
´ÙÀ½±Û [¹Ì±¹] °ÉÇÁ ÆòÇà»çµµ(barrier island) À§ÇØ °íµµ Áؼ³¼± ±â¼ú Á¦°ø
±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ.   ¼¾ÅÍÀå : ¹èö¹Î
ÁÖ¼Ò : ¼­¿ï½Ã ¼ÛÆı¸ »ïÀüµ¿ 72-3 À¯¸²ºôµù 5Ãþ TEL (02) 3431-0210   FAX (02) 3431-0260   E-mail waterindustry@hanmail.net
COPYRIGHT(C) 2012 ±Û·Î¹ú¹°»ê¾÷Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ. ALL RIGHT RESERVED.