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À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ(EU)ÀÌ 2005³â µµÀÔÇÑ ¹èÃâ±Ç°Å·¡Á¦(EU Emissions Trading System, EU ETS)°¡ ÇâÈÄ ´ë±Ô¸ð ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò(CO©ü) Æ÷Áý¿¡µµ Ȱ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ºÐ¼®ÀÌ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.


Æ÷Ã÷´ã±âÈÄ¿µÇ⿬±¸¼Ò(Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PIK)°¡ ÁÖµµÇÑ À̹ø ¸ðµ¨ ¿¬±¸´Â ź¼Ò Á¦°Å¸¦ ¹èÃâ±Ç°Å·¡Á¦¿¡ ´Ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÅëÇÕÇÒ °æ¿ì, À߸øµÈ Àμ¾Æ¼ºê¸¦ ¹æÁöÇϸ鼭 °¨ÃàÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ÀÜ¿© ¹èÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ê¾÷°è¿¡ ¿¹Ãø °¡´ÉÇÑ °èȹ ±â¹ÝÀ» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ÇöÀç ºê·ò¼¿(Brussels)¿¡¼­ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÎ °ü·Ã ±ÔÁ¦ ³íÀǿ͵µ ¸Â¹°¸°´Ù.


¿¬±¸¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¿¡³ÊÁö ºÎ¹®°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö ´Ù¼Òºñ »ê¾÷À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ±âÁ¸ EU ETS¸¸À¸·Îµµ ºñ¿ë º¯È­¿¡ µû¶ó 2050³â±îÁö ¿¬°£ 6õ800¸¸~8õ600¸¸ ÅæÀÇ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ´ë±â¿¡¼­ Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï ±â¾÷¿¡ À¯ÀÎÀ» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.


¿¬±¸ÁøÀº PIK¿¡¼­ °³¹ßÇÑ ÅõÀÚ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ ÃÖÀûÈ­ ¸ðµ¨ ¡®LIMES-EU¡¯¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇß´Ù.


À̹ø ºÐ¼®Àº EU¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ ¿µ±¹°ú ³ë¸£¿þÀ̸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàµÆ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °ø±â Áß ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ Á÷Á¢ Æ÷ÁýÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀÎ ¡®Á÷Á¢ °ø±â Æ÷Áý(Direct Air Capture)¡¯°ú ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¸Å½º¸¦ ¿¬¼ÒÇϸ鼭 ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷Áý¡¤ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¡®¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿¡³ÊÁö ź¼ÒÆ÷Áý(Bioenergy with Carbon Capture)¡¯ µî µÎ °¡Áö »õ·Î¿î À¯¸Á ź¼Ò Á¦°Å ±â¼ú¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃè´Ù.


±âÈÄ Á¤Ã¥ ¼ö¿ë¼º Á¦°í ±â´ë


¿¬±¸ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚÀÎ ´Ù¸®¿ì½º ¼úŸ´Ï(Darius Sultani) PIK ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°À̹ø¿¡ »êÁ¤ÇÑ Åº¼Ò Á¦°Å ÀáÀç·ÂÀº EUÀÇ ±âÈÄ ¸ñÇ¥ ÀÌÇà¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°¹°·Ð 2050³â ±âÈÄÁ߸³ ´Þ¼º°ú ÀÌÈÄ ¼ø ź¼Ò Á¦°Å¸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â º°µµÀÇ Áö¿ø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¡±¸é¼­µµ ¡°ÀçÁ¤ ¿©·ÂÀÌ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ ¸¸Å­, ¹èÃâ±Ç°Å·¡Á¦¿Í °°Àº ½ÃÀå ±â¹Ý ¼ö´ÜÀ» Àû±Ø Ȱ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÕ¸®Àû¡±À̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ ¡°À̹ø ¿¬±¸´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¸ç, ³ª¾Æ°¡ ±âÈÄ Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çȸÀû ¼ö¿ë¼ºµµ ³ôÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù¡±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


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ÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤ ¿ÏÈ­¸¦ °ËÅäÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾Èµµ ³íÀǵǰí ÀÖÁö¸¸, ź¼Ò Á¦°Å ±â¾÷À» Á¦µµ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸´Ù È¿°úÀûÀÎ ÇØ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ź¼Ò Á¦°Å ±â¾÷Àº ¡®³×°ÅƼºê ¹èÃâ(negative emissions)¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹èÃâ±Ç°Å·¡Á¦¿¡¼­ ÀÎÁõ¼­¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ°í, À̸¦ ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¹èÃâÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¦°ÅÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ±â¾÷¿¡ ÀçÆÇ¸ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.


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¿ì¼± ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ¡¤º¸°í¡¤°ËÁõ(Monitoring, Reporting and Verification, MRV)À» À§ÇÑ Á¤¹ÐÇÑ ±âÁØÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ÅõÀÚÀÚ¿¡°Ô À߸øµÈ À¯ÀÎÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î, ź¼Ò Á¦°Å ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹°·®¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¹èÃâ±Ç°Å·¡Á¦·Î ÆíÀÔÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.


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¿¬±¸ÀÇ °øµ¿ÀúÀÚÀÎ ¹ÌÇÏ¿¤ ÆÈ·¹(Michael Pahle) PIK ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°À̹ø °úÇÐÀû ±Ù°Å¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ Á¦¾ÈÀº ź¼Ò Á¦°Å ±ÔÁ¦ÀÇ ÇâÈÄ ¹æÇâÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ºê·ò¼¿¿¡¼­ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÎ Á¤Ä¡Àû ³íÀǸ¦ °Ü³ÉÇÑ °Í¡±À̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ÀÌ¾î ¡°Åº¼Ò Á¦°Å¸¦ EU ETS·Î ÀÌÀüÇÒÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤ÀÌ ÇöÀç º¸·ùµÈ »óÅÂÀ̸ç, À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ ÁýÇàÀ§¿øÈ¸(European Commission)´Â 2026³â±îÁö ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦¾ÈÀ» Á¦ÃâÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ³¡À¸·Î ¡°À̹ø ¿¬±¸´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¢±Ù¿¡ Á¦±âµÇ´Â ¹Ý´ë ³í°Å¸¦ ¹Ý¹ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©Áش١±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


¿¬±¸´Â ±¹Á¦ÇмúÁö¡ºJoule(ÁÙ)¡»¿¡ ¡®Integrating carbon dioxide removal into the EU emissions trading system(ź¼Ò Á¦°Å¸¦ EU ¹èÃâ±Ç°Å·¡Á¦¿¡ ÅëÇÕÇϱâ)¡¯¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î ¿Â¶óÀÎ °ÔÀçµÆ´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


How Europe can use emissions trading to also manage carbon removals


The emissions trading system launched by the European Union in 2005 could one day also be used to capture CO©ü on a large scale. A new model study quantifies the potential, and outlines that phased integration of removals into the trading system can avoid misguided incentives, while providing industry with planning security for residual emissions that are hard-to-abate. The study, led by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and published in Joule, ties in with current discussions in Brussels on future regulation.


According to the study, the existing EU emissions trading system for the energy sector and energy-intensive industries alone could provide incentives for companies to remove between 68 and 86 million tonnes of CO©ü from the atmosphere annually by 2050, depending on cost developments. The research team uses the LIMES-EU calculation model developed at PIK, which optimises investment decisions. The analysis is based on the EU, as well as the United Kingdom and Norway. And it focuses on two novel, promising removal methods: using air filter systems (¡°direct air capture¡±) and burning biomass with CO©ü sequestration (¡°bioenergy with carbon capture¡±).


Supports acceptance of climate policy


¡°The removal potential we have calculated would make a significant contribution to the implementation of the EU climate targets,¡± says Darius Sultani, PIK researcher and lead author of the study.


¡°Of course, dedicated support programmes for removals are also needed to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, and net carbon removals thereafter. But fiscal space is limited, and it makes sense to make good use of the market-based instrument of emissions trading. We show how this could work – and that it even strengthens the acceptance of climate policy.¡±


At present, firms are looking ahead to 2039 with concern: the annual reduction in emission allowances for the energy sector and energy-intensive industries will then reach zero, and CO©ü emissions will in principle be taboo. There are considerations to soften the timeline, but a more elegant solution emerges if removal companies are added to the system.


These would be rewarded for their ¡°negative emissions¡± with certificates from the trading system, which they would then be able to resell to companies that have not (yet) completely eliminated their CO©ü emissions.


The study calculates what the market equilibrium would be in such an environment, and finds that investments in the two new removal technologies will become more attractive – although the technology mix will heavily depend on the extent to which costs can be reduced through technical advances in air filtration.


It also shows that the carbon price formed in emissions trading will rise steadily to a good 400 euros per tonne by 2050, but will then stabilise at a slightly lower level in the second half of the century due to the inclusion of removals.


A step-by-step model for implementation


Based on the model analysis, the research team then delivers a concept for integrating carbon removals into emissions trading. It recommends a step-by-step approach to ensure that rapid emission reductions towards zero remain the priority, and that carbon removal via bioenergy does not jeopardise biodiversity or the water cycle.


First, precise standards for monitoring, reporting and verification should be established. Subsequently, removal projects would be gradually transferred to the trading system, in increasing quantities and in a manner that avoids misguided incentives for investors. Only in the third step, around 2040, would all removals and residual emissions be controlled via a uniform carbon price.


¡°With this scientifically sound proposal, we are targeting the current political discussion in Brussels on the future regulation of carbon removals,¡± explains Michael Pahle, PIK researcher and a co-author of the study.


¡°The decision on whether to transfer removals to EU emissions trading is now pending, and the European Commission must submit a proposal on this by 2026. Our study shows that the objections to this can be refuted.¡±


[Ãâó = Æ÷Ã÷´ã±âÈÄ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research)(https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest-news/how-europe-can-use-emissions-trading-to-also-manage-carbon-removals) / 2026³â 3¿ù 31ÀÏ]


[¿¬±¸³í¹® Ãâó = ¡ºJoule(ÁÙ)¡»(https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(26)00079-6) / 2026³â 3¿ù 31ÀÏ]

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