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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2026.01.09 Á¶È¸¼ö 465
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[½ºÀ§½º] ÀÜ·ù¼º È­Çй°ÁúÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÁöÇ¥¼ö·Î µé¾î¿À´Â°¡

´ë±â¿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÈ TFA, °­¼ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼ö°è·Î À¯ÀÔ

HFO »ç¿ë È®´ë¿¡ µû¶ó TFA ȯ°æ ÃàÀû Áõ°¡ Àü

±¹Á¦ ÇмúÁö ¡ºAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics¡»¿¡ °ÔÀç


 

´ë±â¿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÈ »ïºÒÈ­¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê(Trifluoroacetic Acid, TFA)´Â ºñ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁöÇ¥¼ö¿Í ÁöÇϼö·Î À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo Source) = Pixabay]

´ë±â¿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÈ »ïºÒÈ­¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê(Trifluoroacetic Acid, TFA)´Â ºñ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁöÇ¥¼ö¿Í ÁöÇϼö·Î À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo Source) = Pixabay]

 

½ºÀ§½º ¿¬¹æÈ¯°æÃ»(Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, FOEN)°ú º£¸¥´ëÇб³(University of Bern)°¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ À̹ø ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¿¥ÆÄ(Empa) ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº °úºÒÈ­È­ÇÕ¹°(PFAS) °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ÀÛÀº ºÐÀÚÀÎ »ïºÒÈ­¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê(Trifluoroacetic Acid, TFA)ÀÌ ´ë±â Áß¿¡ »ý¼ºµÅ °­¼ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼ö°è·Î À¯ÀԵǴ °úÁ¤À» Á¶»çÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿¡´Â 3³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ÃøÁ¤ ÀÚ·á¿Í ÃÖ±Ù ¼ö½Ê ³â°£ º¸°üµÈ ¹°½Ã·á, Á¤±³ÇÑ ´ë±â ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ È°¿ëµÆ´Ù. ºÐ¼® °á°ú, ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀÇ È¯°æ ¹èÃâ·®Àº ÃÖ±Ù ¼ö½Ê ³â »çÀÌ Å©°Ô ´Ã¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.


PFAS´Â ÆÛÇ÷ç¿À·Î¾Ëų ¹× Æú¸®Ç÷ç¿À·Î¾Ëų(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) ¹°ÁúÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î, ¡®¿µ¿øÇÑ È­Çй°Áú(forever chemicals)¡¯·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. ÀÌµé ºÒ¼Ò(F) ÇÔÀ¯ À¯±â È­ÇÕ¹°Àº ºÐÇØ°¡ °ÅÀÇ ÀÌ·ïÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ȯ°æ¿¡ ¼ö½Ê ³â¿¡¼­ ¼ö¹é ³â±îÁö ³²À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Àΰ£°ú µ¿¹°ÀÇ Ã¼³»¿¡ ÃàÀûµÇ¸ç, °Ç°­¿¡ À¯ÇØÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ¿¹¹æÀû Á¶Ä¡°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ÁöÀûÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.


PFAS °è¿­¿¡´Â ¼öõ °³ÀÇ È­Çй°ÁúÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵŠÀÖÀ¸³ª, ¸ðµç ¹°ÁúÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¿¬±¸µÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¼öÀÇ PFAS¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¹èÃâ°ú È®»ê, ÃàÀû ±×¸®°í ±× ¿µÇâ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇöÀçµµ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¿îµ¥ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁýÁߵǰí ÀÖ´Â ¹°Áú Áß Çϳª°¡ TFAÀÌ´Ù. PFAS °è¿­¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÀÛÀº ºÐÀÚÀÎ TFA´Â ¿©·¯ ¹°ÁúÀÇ ºÐÇØ »ê¹°·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, ´Ù¼öÀÇ ºÒ¼Ò°è ³Ã¸Å¿Í ÃßÁøÁ¦°¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. TFA´Â ÀÏ´Ü »ý¼ºµÇ¸é ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ ºÐÇØµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.


½´Å×ÆÇ ¶óÀ̸¸(Stefan Reimann) ¿¥ÆÄ ´ë±â¿À¿°¹°Áú¡¤È¯°æ±â¼ú ¿¬±¸½Ç(Air Pollutants/Environmental Technology laboratory) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°´ë±â Áß¿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÈ TFA´Â ºü¸£°Ô °­¼ö·Î À¯ÀԵǸç, ÀÌÈÄ ÁöÇ¥¼ö¸¦ °ÅÃÄ ÁöÇϼö·Î À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.


TFA°¡ ´ë±â Áß¿¡¼­ ¾îµð¿¡¼­, ¾î¶² ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î »ý¼ºµÇ´ÂÁö ±×¸®°í ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ¼ö°è·Î À¯ÀԵǴÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö °ÅÀÇ ¿¬±¸µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̹ø °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¿¥ÆÄ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº FOEN, º£¸¥´ëÇб³¿Í Çù·ÂÇØ ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ º¸´Ù Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ´ë±â Áß TFAÀÇ »ý¼º°ú À̵¿ °æ·Î¸¦ ¸ðµ¨¸µÇÏ°í ±× °á°ú¸¦ ȯ°æ ½Ã·á¿¡¼­ ÃøÁ¤µÈ TFA ÀÚ·á¿Í ºñ±³Çß´Ù. À̹ø ¿¬±¸´Â ±¹Á¦ ÇмúÁö ¡º´ë±â È­Çаú ¹°¸®ÇÐ(Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics)¡»¿¡ °ÔÀçµÆ´Ù.


FOENÀº 3³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ °­¼ö¿Í ÁöÇ¥¼ö ½Ã·á¿¡¼­ TFA¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇßÀ¸¸ç, 1984³â±îÁö °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°¡´Â º¸°ü ¼öÁú ½Ã·áµµ ÇÔ²² °ËÅäÇß´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿¥ÆÄ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ´ë±â Áß TFA À¯ÀÔÀ» Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ¹Ý¿µÇÑ ¸ðµ¨À» ±¸ÃàÇß´Ù.


À̹ø ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Á¦1 ÀúÀÚÀÎ ½´Å×ÆÇ Çî³×(Stephan Henne) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°TFAÀÇ ¾Ë·ÁÁø Àü±¸¹°Áú°ú ±× ºÐÇØ °æ·Î, Áß°£ »ý¼º¹°»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ý¼ºµÈ TFA°¡ °­¼ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ħÀûµÇ°Å³ª Ç¥¸é¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ½×ÀÌ´Â °úÁ¤±îÁö ¸ðµÎ ¸ðµ¨¸µÇß´Ù¡±°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ÀÌó·³ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¸ðµ¨À» ÅëÇØ Àå±â°£¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ¿¹ÃøÀ» ³ôÀº °ø°£¡¤½Ã°£ ÇØ»óµµ·Î ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÆ´Ù. Çî³× ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°ÀÌÁ¦ À¯·´ Àü¿ª¿¡¼­ ƯÁ¤ ´Þ¿¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº TFA°¡ ȯ°æÀ¸·Î ¹èÃâµÇ´ÂÁö °è»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


TFA ȯ°æ À¯ÀÔ, ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÒ Àü¸Á


¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÃÖ±Ù ¼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾È °­¼ö¿Í ÁöÇ¥¼ö¿¡¼­ °ËÃâµÇ´Â TFA ³óµµ´Â Å©°Ô Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ±× ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ÇÏÀ̵å·ÎÇ÷ç¿À¿Ã·¹ÇÉ(Hydrofluoroolefins, HFOs) »ç¿ë È®´ë¸¦ Áö¸ñÇß´Ù. ÀÌµé ºÒ¼Ò°è °¡½º´Â ³Ã¸Å¿Í ÃßÁøÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç, ±âÈÄ ¿Â³­È­ È¿°ú°¡ Å« ÇÏÀ̵å·ÎÇ÷ç¿À·ÎÄ«º»(Hydrofluorocarbons, HFCs)À» ´ëüÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ö¸íÀÌ ±ä HFCs¿Í ´Þ¸®, HFOs´Â ´ë±â Áß¿¡¼­ ºü¸£°Ô ºÐÇØµÇ¸ç ±× °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ TFA µîÀÌ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¶óÀ̸¸ ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°³Ãµ¿ ¹× °øÁ¶ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ÇÏÀ̵å·ÎÇ÷ç¿À·Î¿Ã·¹ÇÉ(Hydrofluoroolefins, HFO) »ç¿ëÀÌ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó, ÇâÈÄ TFAÀÇ Ä§Àû·®µµ ÇÔ²² ´Ã¾î³¯ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


TFAÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¹ß»ý¿øÀº ³ó¾àÀÇ ºÐÇØ °úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¸, ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ë±â¸¦ °ÅÄ¡´Â °æ·Î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Åä¾çÀ» ÅëÇØ °ÅÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö°è·Î À¯ÀԵȴÙ. Çî³× ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°TFA°¡ ÇÑ ¹ø ¹°¿¡ µé¾î°¡¸é, ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â °ÅÀÇ ±×´ë·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌó·³ ÀÜ·ù¼ºÀÌ °­ÇÑ ºÒ¼Ò°è »êÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ÃàÀû Àå¼Ò´Â °á±¹ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ µÈ´Ù.


TFA°¡ Àΰ£À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ »ý¹°Ã¼¿¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö ÇØ·Î¿îÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ °á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ±Ô¸íµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ÃÖ±Ù ÀϺΠ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â Àå±â µ¶¼º °¡´É¼ºÀ» ½Ã»çÇÏ´Â Áõ°Å°¡ Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶óÀ̸¸ ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°TFA´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀÜ·ù¼ºÀÌ °­Çϰí, ¹° ȯ°æ¿¡ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÃàÀûµÇ¸ç, Á¦°Å°¡ °ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¡±°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù. ÀÌ¾î ¡°¿¹¹æ ¿øÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó Àü±¸¹°ÁúÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ Á¦ÇÑÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Modeling the formation and distribution of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the atmosphere - How a persistent chemical enters our surface waters


 

In collaboration with the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and the University of Bern, Empa researchers have investigated how trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the smallest of the PFAS molecules, is formed in the atmosphere and enters water bodies via precipitation. The study combined a three-year measurement period with archived water samples from recent decades and a detailed atmospheric model. The result: The release of this chemical into the environment has multiplied in recent decades – and will continue to increase in the future.


PFAS, short for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are not called ¡°forever chemicals¡± for nothing. These fluorine-containing organic molecules are difficult to break down and are likely to remain in the environment for decades or even centuries, where they can accumulate in humans and animals and may have harmful effects on health. This is a compelling reason to take precautionary measures.


The PFAS class of substances comprises thousands of chemical compounds. Not all of them have been thoroughly studied. The release, spread, accumulation, and effects of numerous PFAS are the subject of ongoing research. Among other things, researchers are focusing on TFA, short for trifluoroacetic acid. The smallest molecule in the PFAS family is formed as a degradation product of various other substances, such as many fluorinated refrigerants and propellants. Once formed, TFA is hardly degraded in the environment. ¡°TFA formed in the atmosphere quickly enters precipitation, and from there it travels into surface waters and then into groundwater,¡± says Empa researcher Stefan Reimann from the Air Pollutants / Environmental Technology laboratory.


How and where exactly TFA forms in the atmosphere and in what quantities the substance enters water bodies has remained largely unexplored to date. In a joint new study published in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Empa researchers, in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and the University of Bern, investigated this question in more detail. They modeled the formation and transport pathways of TFA in the atmosphere and compared them with TFA measurements from environmental samples.


Over a period of three years, the FOEN analyzed samples of precipitation and surface water for TFA and consulted archived water samples dating back to 1984. At the same time, Empa researchers created a detailed model of the atmospheric input of TFA. ¡°We model the known precursors of TFA, their degradation pathways and intermediate products, as well as the deposition of the TFA formed in this way, both via precipitation and directly on surfaces,¡± explains Empa researcher Stephan Henne, lead author of the study. The complex model allows predictions to be made over long periods of time with high spatial and temporal resolution. ¡°For every location in Europe, we can now calculate how much TFA is released into the environment in a given month,¡± says Henne.


Further increase expected


The results of the study show that concentrations of TFA in precipitation and surface waters have multiplied in recent decades. According to the researchers, this is primarily due to the increased use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). These fluorinated gases serve as refrigerants and propellants, replacing climate-warming hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in this role. Unlike long-lived HFCs, HFOs decompose quickly in the atmosphere – among other things, into TFA. ¡°As the use of HFOs in refrigeration and air conditioning systems continues to increase, we assume that TFA deposition will also rise in the future,¡± says Reimann.


Another significant source of TFA is the degradation of pesticides – in this case, however, the substance does not take a detour via the atmosphere but enters the water more or less directly via the soil. ¡°Once TFA is in the water, it remains there almost without exception,¡± adds Stephan Henne. The final accumulation site for the persistent fluorinated acid is therefore the ocean.


The extent to which TFA is harmful to living organisms, including humans, has not yet been conclusively researched. Some recent studies provide evidence of possible long-term toxicity. ¡°TFA is very persistent, accumulates more and more in our water, and is almost impossible to remove,¡± warns Reimann. ¡°We should therefore act in accordance with the precautionary principle and restrict the use of precursor substances as much as possible.¡±


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