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EPA Protects Kauai Water with Closures of Eight Illegal Large-Capacity Cesspools in Lihue
EPA settlements will also close additional smaller cesspools in Kauai
September 26, 2025
Contact Information
Julia Giarmoleo (giarmoleo.julia@epa.gov)
213-326-2033
Today, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced settlements with Grove Farm Company, Inc. and The Gas Company, LLC (doing business as Hawaii Gas) to close a total of eight illegal large-capacity cesspools and other cesspools in Lihue, Kauai. EPA banned large-capacity cesspools nationally in 2005 as these systems can contaminate drinking water sources and threaten public health.
Grove Farm will close seven large-capacity cesspools by connecting two properties to the sewer system and installing individual wastewater systems at a third property. The company will also pay a $58,716 penalty and close six additional smaller cesspools. Hawaii Gas has closed one large-capacity cesspool and will close two additional smaller cesspools, installing approved septic systems in their place. In addition, Hawaii Gas will pay a $45,840 penalty.
¡°EPA will continue to take enforcement actions to close all illegal large-capacity cesspools in Hawai¡®i,¡± said EPA Pacific Southwest Enforcement and Compliance Assurance Director Amy Miller. ¡°Every cesspool closed represents progress toward cleaner groundwater, coastal waters, and beaches for Hawai¡®i.¡±
Grove Farm Settlement
Grove Farm owns three properties in Lihue, Kauai, which have bathrooms that are served by unlawful large-capacity cesspools. The locations are:
Four cesspools that serve the Hanamaulu Shops, located at 3-4051 Kuhio Highway, Lihue.
Two cesspools that serve a motorsports dealership, located at 3-1878 Kaumualii Highway, Lihue.
One cesspool that serves the Puhi Building, located at 3-1866 Kaumualii Highway, Lihue.
In addition to the cesspool closures, as part of the settlement Grove Farm will perform a Compliance Audit of all its landholdings in the State of Hawai¡®i to identify and close all large-capacity cesspools. Grove Farm will also connect six small capacity cesspools associated with single-family homes adjacent to the Puhi Building to the sewer line at a minimum cost of $96,000. Connecting these residences to sewer will allow for the treatment of sanitary wastewater and mitigate the environmental risk posed by cesspools.
Hawaii Gas
Hawaii Gas owns and leases a commercial gas products storage and showroom/sales area at 3990 Rice Street, Lihue, which was served by one large-capacity cesspool.
As part of this settlement, Hawaii Gas has closed the large-capacity cesspool at the Rice Street building. Hawaii Gas will alsoreplace two small capacity cesspools associated with homes in Waialua with approved septic systems, at a cost of no less than $115,000.
Background on Cesspools in Hawai¡®i
On December 7, 1999, EPA issued a nationwide ban on large-capacity cesspools under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Large-capacity cesspools serve multiple residential units or have the capacity to serve 20 or more persons per day. The deadline for closure of these illegal large-capacity cesspools was April 5, 2005.
In the 20 years since the federal ban, EPA has ordered the closure of over 3,900 illegal cesspools in Hawai¡®i and assessed approximately $5.6 million in penalties. Currently, there are over 1,000 large capacity cesspools still remaining in Hawai¡®i. These illegal cesspools collect and release untreated raw sewage into the ground, where disease-causing pathogens and harmful chemicals and pharmaceuticals can contaminate groundwater, streams, and the ocean.
The settlement agreements for Grove Farm and Hawaii Gas, and information on how to self-disclose potential large-capacity cesspool violations are available on EPA websites.
Learn more about EPA¡¯s work to close large-capacity cesspools in Hawai¡¯i and the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Learn about EPA¡¯s Pacific Southwest Region. Connect with us on Facebook, Instagram, and X.
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