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[±×¸² 1]Àº ¹°ºÎÁ· Á¶°Ç(Seasonal WEI+ 20% ÀÌ»ó)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀº EU ¿µÅä¿Í Àα¸ÀÇ ºñÀ²À» ³ªÅ¸³½ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Æò±ÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å³â EU ¿µÅäÀÇ ¾à 30%¿Í Àα¸ÀÇ 34%°¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. 2022³â¿¡´Â ¹°ºÎÁ· Á¶°ÇÀÌ Àα¸ÀÇ 34%¿Í EU ±¹Åä ¸éÀûÀÇ 40%¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù.


³²À¯·´¿¡¼­´Â ¹°ºÎÁ· Çö»óÀÌ ¸¸¿¬ÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Àα¸ÀÇ ¾à 30%°¡ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ ¹° ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÃÖ´ë 70%°¡ °èÀýÀûÀÎ ¿©¸§ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ó¾÷, °ø°ø »ó¼öµµ, °ü±¤¾÷Àº ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ´ã¼öÀÚ¿ø¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¾Ð¹ÚÀ» °¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


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Å°ÇÁ·Î½º(Cyprus)¿Í ¸ôŸ(Malta)´Â °èÀýÀû ±Ô¸ð(°èÀýÀû WEI+ > 40%)¿¡¼­ EU ȸ¿ø±¹ Áß °¡Àå ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹°ºÎÁ· »óȲ¿¡ Á÷¸éÇß´Ù. ±×¸®½º, Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥, ½ºÆäÀÎ, ·ç¸¶´Ï¾Æ´Â ƯÈ÷ º½°ú ¿©¸§¿¡ ¹°ºÎÁ·À» °Þ¾ú´Ù.


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ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­´Â 4¿ù¿¡¼­ 9¿ù »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹°ºÎÁ· Çö»óÀÌ ½ÉÈ­µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ³¯¾¾, °ü°³ ³ó¾÷, °ü±¤ ¹× ·¹Å©¸®¿¡À̼Ç, ±âŸ »çȸ°æÁ¦Àû È°µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯·® °¨¼Ò(Reduced Flows) ¹× ÃßÃâ·® Áõ°¡(Increased Abstractions)ÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.


ÀϺΠ°­ À¯¿ªÀº 2022³â °èÀýÀû ¹°ºÎÁ·ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. º§±â¿¡, ºÒ°¡¸®¾Æ, Å°ÇÁ·Î½º, µ§¸¶Å©, ÇÁ¶û½º, µ¶ÀÏ, ±×¸®½º, Çë°¡¸®, ¸®Åõ¾Æ´Ï¾Æ, ¸ôŸ, ³×´ú¶õµå, Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥, ·ç¸¶´Ï¾Æ, ½ºÆäÀÎ, ½½·Î¹ÙÅ°¾Æ°¡ ¸ðµÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.


[±×¸² 3] ¹° È°¿ë Áö¼ö Ç÷¯½º(WEI+)·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ 2022³â 4ºÐ±â À¯·´ ÇÏÀ§ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °èÀýÀû ¹°ºÎÁ· Á¶°Ç

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¡Ø°èÀýº° ¹° È°¿ë Áö¼ö Ç÷¯½º(WEI+)´Â À¯·´ À¯¿ªÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ ´ÜÀ§ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ Àç»ý °¡´É ´ã¼öÀÚ¿øÀÇ ¹éºÐÀ²·Î ÃÑ ¹° ¼Òºñ·®À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. °¢ °èÀýÀº Áöµµ¿¡¼­ ºÐ±âº°·Î Á¤ÀǵȴÙ. Q1(1¿ù¡­3¿ù), Q2(4¿ù¡­6¿ù), Q3(7¿ù¡­9¿ù), Q4(10¿ù¡­12¿ù).EU ȸ¿ø±¹, ¾ÆÀ̽½¶õµå, ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ, ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ WEI+ °á°ú´Â ÇÏÀ§ ´ÜÀ§ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ÅÍÅ°¿Í ¼­¹ßÄ­ Çù·Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì À¯¿ª°ú ÇÏÀ§ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °ø°£ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ¿© ±¹°¡ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ °á°ú°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. [±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = À¯·´ ȯ°æû(EEA)]

 

[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


Water scarcity conditions in Europe


 

Water scarcity affected 34% of the European Union territory during at least one season in 2022. Despite water abstraction declining by 19% in the EU between 2000 and 2022, there has been no overall reduction in the area affected by water scarcity conditions. In fact, the situation has intensified since 2010. 


This, compounded with the fact that climate change is expected to further increase the frequency, intensity and impacts of drought events, makes it somewhat unlikely that water scarcity will reduce by 2030. Additional effort is required to ensure sustainable water use.


Freshwater resources are essential for human health, nature and the functioning of economies and societies. However, across the EU, these resources are threatened by multiple pressures. To address this, the Water framework directive requires Member States to promote the sustainable use and the long-term protection of available water resources .


The Water exploitation index plus (WEI+) measures water consumption as a percentage of renewable freshwater resources at river basin or subunit levels, across each quarter of the year. This detailed approach reveals local water scarcity conditions that broader annual WEI estimates at European or country levels may not reveal. 


WEI+ values above 20% indicate that water resources are under stress and therefore water scarcity conditions prevail, while values above 40% signal water stress is severe, and the level of freshwater use may be unsustainable.


Figure 1 shows the percentage of EU territory and population affected in at least one of the four quarters of the year by water scarcity conditions (Seasonal WEI+ above 20%). On average, about 30% of the EU territory and 34% of the population are affected each year. In 2022, water scarcity conditions affected 34% of the population and 40% of the EU land area.


Water scarcity is prevalent in southern Europe, with around 30% of the population in areas with permanent water stress and up to 70% in areas with seasonal summer stress. Agriculture, public water supply, and tourism place significant pressure on freshwater resources in this region. 


However, water scarcity extends beyond southern Europe, affecting various river basins across the EU, where urban population density and water abstraction for public supply, energy, and industry are significant factors. Over the last decade, droughts have also increased in frequency and severity, impacting seasonal water availability.


Climate change is expected to intensify seasonal fluctuations of freshwater availability in Europe. Drought events are also likely to further increase in frequency, intensity, and impact. Given these factors and a worsening trend since 2010, a reduction in water scarcity by 2030 appears unlikely (Figure 1).


Cyprus and Malta faced the most significant water scarcity conditions of the EU Member States on the seasonal scale (seasonal WEI+ >40%). Greece, Portugal, Spain and Romania experienced water scarcity particularly during spring and summer. 


Malta is experiencing the permanent water scarcity conditions partly due to its natural hydro-climatic conditions. Among the EEA member countries, Turkiye is the most severely challenged (Figure 2).


In general, water scarcity conditions intensify between April and September in most countries. This is caused by a combination of dry weather, reduced flows and increased abstractions for irrigated agriculture, tourism and recreation, and other socio-economic activities during these periods.


Certain river sub-basins were affected by seasonal water scarcity in 2022. Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Malta, Netherland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Slovakia (seasonal WEI+ >20%; see detailed information on seasonal WEI+ at Subunit scale) were all effected.


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