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[2024] [¹Ì±¹] NASA, SWOT À§¼ºÀ¸·Î ´ã¼ö µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Á¦°ø¡¦È«¼ö ¿¹Ãø °³¼±
À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2024.05.13 Á¶È¸¼ö 910
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[¹Ì±¹] NASA, SWOT À§¼ºÀ¸·Î ´ã¼ö µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Á¦°ø¡¦È«¼ö ¿¹Ãø °³¼±

NASA, ÇÁ¶û½º ¿ìÁÖ±¹°ú Çù·ÂÇØ Áö±¸»ó ¸ðµç ¼ö¸é ³ôÀÌ

µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ È°¿ëÇÑ »ç°Ç ¹ß»ý À§Ä¡ ¹× »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» »ó±â½ÃÄÑÁÝ´Ï´Ù.



2011³â ³ë½º´ÙÄÚŸ ÁÖ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¸¶À»Àº ¼Ò¸®½º°­ÀÇ ½ºÅ丮·Î ħ¼öµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì±¹-ÇÁ¶û½º SWOT À§¼ºÀº ÆÄƼ¼Çµé°ú ¹°°ü¸®Àڵ鿡°Ô ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®¸¦ 3D·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î µµ±¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®°¡ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. [»çÁø Á¦°ø(»çÁø Ãâó) = ³ë½º´ÙÄÚŸÁÖ ¹°À§¿øȸ(North Dakota State Water Commission)]

2011³â ³ë½º´ÙÄÚŸ ÁÖ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¸¶À»Àº ¼Ò¸®½º°­ÀÇ ½ºÅ丮·Î ħ¼öµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì±¹-ÇÁ¶û½º SWOT À§¼ºÀº ÆÄƼ¼Çµé°ú ¹°°ü¸®Àڵ鿡°Ô ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®¸¦ 3D·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î µµ±¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ¹Ì½ºÅ͸®°¡ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. [»çÁø Á¦°ø(»çÁø Ãâó) = ³ë½º´ÙÄÚŸÁÖ ¹°À§¿øȸ(North Dakota State Water Commission)]


°­, È£¼ö´Â ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇØ »ý¸íÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ´Â ¹°À» º¸È£ÇÏ´Â °÷°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. ´ë½Å ¹° ¼øȯÀÌ ³Ê¹« »¡¸® ÁøÇàµÇ´Â »ç°ÇÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇØ »ý¸í°ú ¿¬°áÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áö±¸ º¯È­°¡ °­¼ö·®ÀÇ ÆÐÅÏÀ» Ãà¼Ò Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î À̾߱Ⱑ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⠽±°Ô °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ±× À§ÇèÀº ´õ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


¿µ¿ª°ú ¹° °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ·Î±×¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÃÇغÎÅÍ ÁöÇ¥¼ö ¹× Çؾç ÁöÇü(Surface Water and Ocean Topography, SWOT) À§¼ºÀ» ÅëÇØ ´ã¼ö µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 


NASA(¹Ì±¹ °ø±º¿ìÁÖ±¹)¿Í ÇÁ¶û½º ¿ìÁÖ±¹ CNES(Centre National d'Études Spatiales)°¡ Çù·ÂÇØ ¸¸µç ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé¼Ò´Â Áö±¸»óÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼ö¸éÀÇ ³ôÀ̸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. SWOTÀº ¾à 100m(300ÇÇÆ®)º¸´Ù ³ÐÀº ¸ðµç ÁÖ¿ä °­À» ÃøÁ¤Çϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¿¡ ÈξÀ ´õ ÀÛÀº °¢µµ·Î Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.


2023³â 10¿ù 8ÀÏ SWOT µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â À̹ÌÁö¿¡¼­ ¸ó¼ø ºñ·Î °ü·ÃµÈ ½ºÅ丮°¡ ¹æ±Û¶óµ¥½Ã ºÏµ¿ÀÇ ³ÐÀº Áö¿ªÀ» µ¤°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹-ÇÁ¶û½º À§¼ºÀº Áö¿ª Àüü¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àû½Ã¿¡ Çؼö¸é °íµµ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ¸¸Á·½ÃÄѼ­ ½ºÅ丮¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ À§¼ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [»çÁøÁ¦°ø(»çÁø Ãâó) = NASA/JPL-Caltech/UNC-Chapel Hill/Google Earth]

2023³â 10¿ù 8ÀÏ SWOT µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â À̹ÌÁö¿¡¼­ ¸ó¼ø ºñ·Î ÀÎÇÑ È«¼ö°¡ ¹æ±Û¶óµ¥½Ã ºÏµ¿ºÎÀÇ ³ÐÀº Áö¿ªÀ» µ¤°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹-ÇÁ¶û½º À§¼ºÀº Àüü Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àû½Ã¿¡ Á¤È®ÇÑ Çؼö¸é °íµµ Á¤º¸¸¦ °íÇػ󵵷ΠÁ¦°øÇØ Çâ»óµÈ È«¼ö ¿¹ÃøÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ À§¼ºÀÌ´Ù. [»çÁøÁ¦°ø(Photo Source) = NASA/JPL-Caltech/UNC-Chapel Hill/Google Earth]


Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ »õÅ©¶ó¸àÅä °­¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹¦»çµÈ °Í°ú SWOT °­ º¯È¯±â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¹°ÀÌ °­À» ÅëÇØ ºñ±³Àû ºü¸£°Ô ¿¹ÃøÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¶Á¤ÀÚ¸¦ ÃßÃâÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±×µéÀº ³ôÀº ¼öÀ§(¿ÞÂÊ)¿¡¼­ ¼öÀ§(¿À¸¥ÂÊ)¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ±æÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ´Ù. [»çÁøÁ¦°ø(»çÁø Ãâó) = NASA/JPL-Caltech/UNC-Chapel Hill/Google Earth]

Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ »õÅ©¶ó¸àÅä °­¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹¦»çµÈ °Í°ú °°Àº SWOT °­ °æ»ç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¹°ÀÌ °­À» ÅëÇØ ¾ó¸¶³ª ºü¸£°Ô È帣´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °æ»ç¸¦ °è»êÇϱâ À§ÇØ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ³ôÀº ¼öÀ§(¿ÞÂÊ)¿¡¼­ ³·Àº ¼öÀ§(¿À¸¥ÂÊ)À» »« ´ÙÀ½ ±¸°£ ±æÀÌ·Î ³ª´«´Ù. [»çÁøÁ¦°ø(Photo Source) = NASA/JPL-Caltech/UNC-Chapel Hill/Google Earth]

 

¼öÀ§ ÃøÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡´Â °­ÀÇ ¼öÀ§¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, Á¾Á¾ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â °³º° À§Ä¡¿¡¼­¸¸ ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °­¿¡ ¼öÀ§ ÃøÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿ì¸ç, ƯÈ÷ À̸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÇÒ ÀÚ¿øÀÌ ¾ø´Â ±¹°¡¿¡¼­´Â ´õ¿í ¾î·Æ´Ù. ÃøÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡´Â È«¼ö·Î ÀÎÇØ ºñÈ°¼ºÈ­µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ¹°ÀÌ °­µÏÀ» ³Ñ¾î ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î Èê·¯µé¾î°¥ °æ¿ì ±× ÃøÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.


SWOTÀº È«¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ 3D º¸±â¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ³ôÀÌ, ³Êºñ ¹× °æ»ç¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ È«¼ö°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Èå·¯°¡´Â Áö¸¦ ´õ Àß ÃßÀûÇØ È«¼ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ À§Ä¡¿Í ºóµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹ÃøÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


°³¼±µÈ È«¼ö ¸ðµ¨ ±¸Ãà


SWOT µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ È«¼ö ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ÅëÇÕÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·Â Áß Çϳª´Â ÄÝ·Î¶óµµ º¼´õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â CIRES(Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences)ÀÇ Åäºñ ¹Ì³×¾î(J. Toby Minear)°¡ ÁÖµµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì³×¾î´Â SWOT µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ±¹¸³Çؾç´ë±âûÀÇ ±¹°¡ ¼öÀÚ¿ø ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ÅëÇÕÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµ¨Àº ¹Ì±¹ °­ÀÇ È«¼ö °¡´É¼º°ú È«¼ö ¹ß»ý ½Ã±â¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÑ´Ù. SWOT ´ã¼ö µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ÃøÁ¤±â »çÀÌÀÇ °ø°£Àû °£°ÝÀ» ¸Þ¿ì°í ¹Ì³×¾î¿Í °°Àº °úÇÐÀÚ°¡ °­À» µû¶ó ƯÁ¤ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ È«¼ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¼öÀ§(³ôÀÌ)¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù.


UNC-Chapel Hill ¹Ú»ç °úÁ¤ Çлý Marissa Hughes´Â ´ºÁú·£µå ¿ÍÀ̸¶Ä«¸®¸® °­ÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÇ ¼ö¸é ³ôÀ̸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ GPS ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³ªºñÀÇ ¼öÆòÀ» Àý´ÜÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÃøÁ¤ °ªÀº ¹Ì±¹-ÇÁ¶û½º SWOT À§¼ºÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ º¸¿ÏÇÏ°í °ËÁõÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. [»çÁøÁ¦°ø(»çÁø Ãâó) = ¾Ë¸®»ç ¶óÆÄ·Î/UNC¸®¼­Ä¡]UNC-Chapel Hill ¹Ú»ç°úÁ¤ Çлý Marissa Hughes´Â ´ºÁú·£µå ¿ÍÀ̸¶Ä«¸®¸® °­ÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÇ ¼ö¸é °íµµ¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ GPS ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ï°¢´ëÀÇ ¼öÆòÀ» ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÃøÁ¤°ªÀº ¹Ì±¹-ÇÁ¶û½º SWOT À§¼ºÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ º¸Á¤ÇÏ°í °ËÁõÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. [»çÁøÁ¦°ø(Photo Source) = Alyssa LaFaro/UNC Research]

 

¹Ì³×¾î´Â SWOT°¡ ¿©·¯ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±¹°¡ ¼öÀÚ¿ø ¸ðµ¨ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °³¼±ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, °­ÀÇ °æ»ç¿Í ÇÏõ È帧¿¡ µû¸¥ °æ»ç º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù Á¤È®ÇÑ ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °­ÀÇ °æ»ç°¡ ±ÞÇÒ¼ö·Ï ¹°ÀÇ È帧Àº »¡¶óÁø´Ù. ¼ö¹®ÇÐ ¸ðµ¨ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº °æ»ç µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ¹°ÀÌ °­À» Åë°úÇØ À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÑ´Ù.


¶ÇÇÑ SWOTÀº °úÇÐÀÚ¿Í ¹°°ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ È£¼ö¿Í Àú¼öÁö¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹°ÀÇ ¾çÀ» Á¤·®È­ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Å« Àú¼öÁö°¡ ¾à 9¸¸ °³ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±× Áß ´ÜÁö ¸î õ °³¸¸ÀÌ ±¹°¡ ¼öÀÚ¿ø ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ÅëÇÕµÈ ¼öÀ§ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ Àú¼öÁö ¼öÀ§°¡ ÁÖº¯ ÅäÁö °íµµ ¹× ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ È«¼ö¿Í ¾î¶² °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Æ´Â °úÇÐÀÚÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù. SWOTÀº Ã౸Àå µÎ °³¸¦ ÇÕÄ£ °Íº¸´Ù Å« ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹Ì±¹ ÀÚ¿¬ È£¼ö¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼ö¸¸ °³ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ Àú¼öÁö¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


¹Ì±¹À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÀϺΠ±¹°¡¿¡¼­´Â ÇÏõ Ãø·® ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í »ó¼¼ÇÑ Áö¿ª È«¼ö ¸ðµ¨¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ³²¾Æ½Ã¾Æ, ³²¹Ì ÀϺΠÁö¿ª, ºÏ±Ø Áö¿ª¿¡´Â È£¼ö¿Í °­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ °ÅÀÇ Àü¹«ÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ È«¼ö À§Çè Æò°¡´Â Á¾Á¾ ´ë·«ÀûÀÎ ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. SWOTÀÇ ÀáÀç·Â Áß Çϳª´Â ¼ö¹®ÇÐÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÝÂ÷¸¦ ¸Þ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ¹°ÀÌ ÀúÀåµÅ ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡¿Í °­À» ÅëÇØ È帣´Â ¹°ÀÇ ¾ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


NASAÀÇ SWOT ´ã¼ö °úÇРåÀÓÀÚÀÌÀÚ ³ë½ºÄ³·Ñ¶óÀ̳ª ´ëÇб³ äÇÃÈú ¿¬±¸¿øÀΠŽ¸° Æĺ§½ºÅ°(Tamlin Pavelsky)´Â SWOT°¡ ±âÈĺ¯È­·Î ÀÎÇÑ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ÆødzÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â È«¼ö À§ÇùÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°2017³â ÈÞ½ºÅÏ°ú Ç㸮ÄÉÀÎ ÇϺñ¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó¡±¸ç ¡°±âÈĺ¯È­°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ÆødzÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ 60ÀÎÄ¡ÀÇ ºñ°¡ ³»·ÈÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ÁýÁßÈ£¿ì Çö»óÀÌ ´õ¿í ÈçÇØÁü¿¡ µû¶ó »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â °øÇÐÀû ¼³°è Ç¥ÁØ°ú ¹ü¶÷¿ø Áöµµ¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» °Í¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


Æĺ§½ºÅ°´Â Áö±¸ ¹°¼øȯÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­°¡ È«¼ö¿Í ¹ü¶÷¿øÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çȸÀÇ °¡Á¤À» ¹Ù²Ù°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Èù´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°°­¿ì Çö»óÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ½ÉÇØÁö°í È«¼ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⠽¬¿î Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Àα¸ Áõ°¡°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö¾ï ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ È«¼ö À§ÇèÀÌ Ä¿Áú °Í¡±À̶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


SWOT È«¼ö µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, º¸Çè»ç´Â SWOT µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¸ðµ¨À» »ç¿ëÇØ È«¼ö À§Çè Áöµµ¸¦ °³¼±ÇØ ÇØ´ç Áö¿ªÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ÇÇÇØ ¹× ¼Õ½Ç À§ÇèÀ» ´õ Àß ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä À纸Çè ȸ»çÀÎ FM GlobalÀº SWOT µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ È°µ¿¿¡ ÅëÇÕÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷ °øµ¿Ã¼ 40°³»ç Áß Çϳª´Ù.


Æĺ§½ºÅ°´Â "FM Global°ú °°Àº ȸ»ç¿Í ¹Ì±¹ ¿¬¹æÀç³­°ü¸®Ã»°ú °°Àº Á¤ºÎ ±â°üÀº È«¼ö ¸ðµ¨À» SWOT µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í ºñ±³ÇØ ¹Ì¼¼ Á¶Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù"¸ç "ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °³¼±µÈ ¸ðµ¨Àº È«¼ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡¿Í ºóµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ Á¤È®ÇÑ Ã»»çÁøÀ» Á¦°øÇÒ °Í"À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


SWOT¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº https://swot.jpl.nasa.gov/¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


International SWOT Mission Can Improve Flood Prediction


 

A partnership between NASA and the French space agency, the satellite is poised to help improve forecasts of where and when flooding will occur in Earth¡¯s rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.


Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are like our planet¡¯s arteries, carrying life-sustaining water in interconnected networks. When Earth¡¯s water cycle runs too fast, flooding can result, threatening lives and property. That risk is increasing as climate change alters precipitation patterns and more people are living in flood-prone areas worldwide.


Scientists and water managers use many types of data to predict flooding. This year they have a new tool at their disposal: freshwater data from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite. The observatory, a collaboration between NASA and the French space agency, CNES (Centre National d¡¯Études Spatiales), is measuring the height of nearly all water surfaces on Earth. SWOT was designed to measure every major river wider than about 300 feet (100 meters), and preliminary results suggest it may be able to observe much smaller rivers.


Stream gauges can accurately measure water levels in rivers, but only at individual locations, often spaced far apart. Many rivers have no stream gauges at all, particularly in countries without resources to maintain and monitor them. Gauges can also be disabled by floods and are unreliable when water overtops the riverbank and flows into areas they cannot measure.


SWOT provides a more comprehensive, 3D look at floods, measuring their height, width, and slope. Scientists can use this data to better track how floodwaters pulse across a landscape, improving predictions of where flooding will occur and how often.


Building a Better Flood Model


One effort to incorporate SWOT data into flood models is led by J. Toby Minear of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) in Boulder, Colorado. Minear is investigating how to incorporate SWOT data into the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration¡¯s National Water Model, which predicts the potential for flooding and its timing along U.S. rivers. SWOT freshwater data will fill in spatial gaps between gauges and help scientists like Minear determine the water levels (heights) at which flooding occurs at specific locations along rivers. 


He expects SWOT to improve National Water Model data in multiple ways. For example, it will provide more accurate estimates of river slopes and how they change with streamflow. Generally speaking, the steeper a river¡¯s slope, the faster its water flows. Hydrologic modelers use slope data to predict the speed water moves through a river and off a landscape.


SWOT will also help scientists and water managers quantify how much water lakes and reservoirs can store. While there are about 90,000 relatively large U.S. reservoirs, only a few thousand of them have water-level data that¡¯s incorporated into the National Water Model. This limits scientists¡¯ ability to know how reservoir levels relate to surrounding land elevations and potential flooding. SWOT is measuring tens of thousands of U.S. reservoirs, along with nearly all natural U.S. lakes larger than about two football fields combined.


Some countries, including the U.S., have made significant investments in river gauging networks and detailed local flood models. But in Africa, South Asia, parts of South America, and the Arctic, there¡¯s little data for lakes and rivers. In such places, flood risk assessments often rely on rough estimates. Part of SWOT¡¯s potential is that it will allow hydrologists to fill these gaps, providing information on where water is stored on landscapes and how much is flowing through rivers.


Tamlin Pavelsky, NASA¡¯s SWOT freshwater science lead and a researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says SWOT can help address the growing threat of flooding from extreme storms fueled by climate change. ¡°Think about Houston and Hurricane Harvey in 2017,¡± he said. ¡°It¡¯s very unlikely we would have seen 60 inches of rain from one storm without climate change. Societies will need to update engineering design standards and floodplain maps as intense precipitation events become more common.¡±


Pavelsky says these changes in Earth¡¯s water cycle are altering society¡¯s assumptions about floods and what a floodplain is. ¡°Hundreds of millions of people worldwide will be at increased risk of flooding in the future as rainfall events become increasingly intense and population growth occurs in flood-prone areas,¡± he added.


SWOT flood data will have other practical applications. For example, insurers can use models informed by SWOT data to improve flood hazard maps to better estimate an area¡¯s potential damage and loss risks. A major reinsurance company, FM Global, is among SWOT¡¯s 40 current early adopters — a global community of organizations working to incorporate SWOT data into their decision-making activities.


¡°Companies like FM Global and government agencies like the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency can fine tune their flood models by comparing them to SWOT data,¡± Pavelsky said. ¡°Those better models will give us a more accurate picture of where and how often floods are likely to happen.¡±


More About the Mission


Launched on Dec. 16, 2022, from Vandenberg Space Force Base in central California, SWOT is now in its operations phase, collecting data that will be used for research and other purposes.


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