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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2023.02.23 Á¶È¸¼ö 212
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[¹Ì±¹] ¡°´õ¿í ģȯ°æÀûÀÎ »õ·Î¿î ÃÊ°í¼Ó ¹°¼Òµ¶ ¹æ¹ý °³¹ß¡±

Á¶Áö¾Æ°ø°ú´ë ½Ì½Ã(Xing Xie) Á¶±³¼ö¡¤ÆÿÕ(Ting Wang) ¿¬±¸¿ø °øµ¿¿¬±¸¡¦¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥

±¹¼ÒÀû °­È­µÈ Àü±âÀå((LEFT) ÀÌ¿ë  ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¸ê±Õ¡¦Àü°è °­µµ 8¹è ³·Ãß°í 󸮽ð£ 100¸¸¹è ´ÜÃà



Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology) ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¹°À» ¼Òµ¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÛÀº Àü±â Ãæ°ÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Òºñ, ºñ¿ë ¹× ȯ°æ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº Àü±â ±×¸®µå(electric grid)¿¡ ÅëÇÕµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¹èÅ͸®·Î ±¸µ¿µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.  [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology)]

Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology) ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¹°À» ¼Òµ¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÛÀº Àü±â Ãæ°ÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Òºñ, ºñ¿ë ¹× ȯ°æ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº Àü±â ±×¸®µå(electric grid)¿¡ ÅëÇÕµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¹èÅ͸®·Î ±¸µ¿µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology)]

 

¾ÈÀüÇÑ ½Ä¼ö¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀº °øÁߺ¸°ÇÀ» À§ÇØ ÇʼöÀûÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¼Òµ¶¹æ¹ýÀº ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È¯°æ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾ß±âÇÑ´Ù. ¿°¼Ò´Â °ªÀÌ ½Î°í Áß¾Ó ÁýÁᫎ ¹° ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠽±Áö¸¸ Çطοî È­ÇÐ ºÎ»ê¹°À» Èñ»ý½ÃŲ´Ù.


Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology) ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¹°À» ¼Òµ¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÛÀº Àü±â Ãæ°ÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼Òºñ, ºñ¿ë ¹× ȯ°æ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº Àü±â ±×¸®µå(electric grid)¿¡ ÅëÇÕµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¹èÅ͸®·Î ±¸µ¿µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


¡°ÀÌ°ÍÀº ²Ï »õ·Î¿î ¼Òµ¶±â¼úÀ̸ç, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú ¼Ò±Ô¸ð·Î ½Ã¿¬ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ »ç¿ë ÁöÁ¡ ¶Ç´Â ¿ÜºÎ Á¤¼ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÀ¿ë ºÐ¾ß¸¦ °³¼±ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¡±¶ó°í ½Ì½Ã(Xing Xie) Įư S. ¿ÍÀÏ´õ(arlton S. Wilder) CE(Åä¸ñȯ°æ°øÇкÎ) Á¶±³¼ö°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.


½Ì½Ã(Xing Xie)¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¹Ú»çÈÄ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ ÆÿÕ(Ting Wang)Àº 2023³â 1¿ù¿¡ ¡®±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î °­È­µÈ Àü±âÀå 󸮷Π½ÇÇöµÈ ³ª³ëÃÊ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ºÒÈ°¼ºÈ­(Nanosecond Bacteria Inactivation Realized by Locally Enhanced Electric Field Treatment)¡¯¶ó´Â ³í¹®À» °úÇÐÇмúÁö ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.


½Ì½Ã(Xing Xie) Įư S. ¿ÍÀÏ´õ(arlton S. Wilder) CE(Åä¸ñȯ°æ°øÇкÎ) Á¶±³¼ö(¿À¸¥ÂÊ)¿Í ¹Ú»çÈÄ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ ÆÿÕ(Ting Wang).  [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology)]

½Ì½Ã(Xing Xie) Įư S. ¿ÍÀÏ´õ(arlton S. Wilder) CE(Åä¸ñȯ°æ°øÇкÎ) Á¶±³¼ö(¿À¸¥ÂÊ)¿Í ¹Ú»çÈÄ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ ÆÿÕ(Ting Wang). [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology)]

 

Àü±â ÇöÁöÈ­(Localizing Electricity)


±âÁ¸ÀÇ Àü±âÀå ó¸®(CEFT ; conventional electric field treatment)°¡ ½ÄÇ° Àú¿Â»ì±Õ¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³ôÀº ºñ¿ë ¶§¹®¿¡ ½Ä¼ö ¼Òµ¶¿¡ ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.


¹°°ú ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ°¡ Àü±â¿¡ ³ëÃâµÉ ¶§, ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¼¼Æ÷¸·Àº ȸ·ÎÀÇ ÃàÀü±â¿Í °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, Àü±âÀå ó¸®(CEFT)¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀÇ ³·Àº Àüµµ¼ºÀº ³ª³ëÃÊ ÆÞ½º°¡ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ Á×ÀÏ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£°Ô ¸·(membrane)À» ÃæÀüÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.


¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ Àü±â¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î °­È­µÈ Àü±âÀå(LEFT ; locally enhanced electric field)À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. Àü±ØÀº Àü±â¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¸é Áï½Ã ÁýÁßµÈ ÀüÇϸ¦ ÃàÀûÇÏ´Â ¡®±Ý ³ª³ëÆÁ(gold nanotip)¡¯À» °¡Áö°í À־ ÀüÇÏ°¡ ¸·À¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ¿© ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ ÈξÀ ´õ »¡¸® Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology) ¹Ú»çÈÄ ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ ÆÿÕ(Ting Wang)Àº ¡°³ª³ëÃÊ ÆÞ½º(nanosecond pulses)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ÃÊ°í¼Ó ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ºÒÈ°¼ºÈ­´Â ³î¶ó¿î ÀÏ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª³ëÃÊ ÆÞ½º°¡ ³Ê¹« ª¾Æ¼­ ¸·À» ÃæÀüÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸®±â ¶§¹®¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. 


ÆÿÕ(Ting Wang)Àº ÀÌ¾î ¡°ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î °­È­µÈ Àü±âÀå(LEFT)ÀÇ ³ª³ë½û±â(nanowedges)¿Í ³ª³ë±¸Á¶(nanostructures)·Î ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ ¼¼Æ÷´Â ³ª³ë±Ý¼Ó(nanometal)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á÷Á¢ ÃæÀüµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¹°À» ºü¸£°Ô ¼Òµ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.

 

[±×¸² 1] ³ª³ë¿þÁö ÆÁ¿¡¼­ ³ª³ëÃÊ ÆÞ½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ È°¼ºÈ­

 

Àü±â Çõ½Å(Electric Innovation)


ÀÌ ±â¼úÀ» ½ÃÇèÇϱâ À§ÇØ, ±×µéÀº ĨÀÇ Àü±Ø °¡ÀåÀÚ¸®¿¡ ±Ý ³ª³ë½û±â(gold nanowedges)¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ±×µéÀº ½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ¹° ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ Á¾Á¾ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¸ðµ¨ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÎ Æ÷µµ»ó±¸±Õ(Staphylococcus)À» Ĩ¿¡ Ãß°¡Çß´Ù. 


´ÙÀ½À¸·Î, ±×µéÀº Àü±â ÆÞ½º(electric pulses)¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ°í Çö¹Ì°æÀ¸·Î ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´ÂÁö ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î °üÂûÇß´Ù.


¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ(cm) ´ç 40ų·Îº¼Æ®(kv)¿¡¼­ 200³ª³ëÃÊ(ns) µ¿¾È Àü±â¸¦ °¡ÇßÀ» ¶§, ³ª³ë½û±âÀÇ 95%°¡ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Á׿´´Ù. ±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î °­È­µÈ Àü±âÀå(LEFT)Àº ±âÁ¸ Àü±âÀå ó¸®(EFT)¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© Àû¿ëµÈ Àü°è °­µµ¸¦ 8¹è ³·Ãß°í ó¸® ½Ã°£À» 100¸¸ ¹è ´ÜÃàÇß´Ù.


ÆÿÕ(Ting Wang)Àº ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ³ª³ëÃÊÀÇ ÆÞ½ºÁ¶Â÷µµ ´Ù¸¥ »óȲÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ LEFTÀÇ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¦ Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. 


ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ¿À¿° Á¦°Å´Â ¹°À» ¼Òµ¶ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àü±âÀÇ ¾çÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Àú·ÅÇÑ À§»ý ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé°í ±ú²ýÇÑ ¹°À» »ý»êÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ È¯°æ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ÇÇÇظ¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì·¡¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.


½Ì½Ã(Xing Xie) Á¶±³¼ö°¡ Ĩ(chip)À» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.  [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology)]

½Ì½Ã(Xing Xie) Á¶±³¼ö°¡ Ĩ(chip)À» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = Á¶Áö¾Æ °ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology)]

 

[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


New Ultrafast Water Disinfection Method Is More Environmentally Friendly



Having safe drinking water is vital for public health, but traditional methods of disinfection cause their own environmental problems. Chlorine is cheap and easy to use in centralized water systems, but at the expense of harmful chemical byproducts.


Georgia Institute of Technology researchers have found a way to use small shocks of electricity to disinfect water, reducing energy consumption, cost, and environmental impact. The technology could be integrated into the electric grid or even powered by batteries.


¡°This is a pretty new disinfection technology, and we want to demonstrate in the small scale first, and then improve its real-world applications for point-of-use or off-grid water purification,¡± said Xing Xie, the Carlton S. Wilder Assistant Professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering.


Xie and his postdoctoral researcher Ting Wang published the paper, ¡°Nanosecond Bacteria Inactivation Realized by Locally Enhanced Electric Field Treatment,¡± in Nature Water in January.


Localizing Electricity


Although conventional electric field treatment (CEFT) is applied for food pasteurization, it hasn¡¯t been widely used for drinking water disinfection because of the relatively high cost. 


When water and bacteria are exposed to electricity, the bacteria cell membrane acts like a capacitor in a circuit. Typically, in CEFT, water¡¯s low conductivity means nanosecond pulses won¡¯t charge the membrane fast enough to kill bacteria.


The researchers created a locally enhanced electric field (LEEFT) that brought the electricity directly to the bacteria. The electrodes have gold nanotips that build up concentrated charges instantly when connected to electricity, enabling the charges to travel to the membrane and kill the bacteria much faster.


¡°This ultra-fast bacteria inactivation just using the nanosecond pulses is a surprise because, theoretically, nanosecond pulses are just too short to kill the bacteria in conventional electric field treatment because the membrane takes time to charge,¡± Wang said. ¡°But with LEEFT¡¯s nanowedges and nanostructures, the bacteria cells can be charged directly by the nanometal, quickly disinfecting water.¡±


Electric Innovation


To test the technology, they fabricated gold nanowedges on the electrode edge of a chip. Then they added model bacteria Staphylococcus to the chip, a commonly used bacteria in labs and often found in water systems. Next, they applied electric pulses and watched how the bacteria reacted in real time under a microscope.


When electricity was applied at 40 kilovolts per centimeter for 200 nanoseconds, 95% of nanowedges successfully killed the bacteria. Compared to conventional EFT, LEEFT lowers applied eclectic field strength by eight times - and shortens the treatment time by 1 million times.


¡°We found that even nanosecond pulses could kill the bacteria in the LEEFT and not other circumstances,¡± Wang said. This near-instantaneous decontamination reduces how much electricity is needed to disinfect water, making this an affordable sanitation option and pointing to a future in which producing clean water may take less of a toll on the environment.


[Ãâó = Á¶Áö¾Æ°ø°ú´ëÇÐ(Georgia Institute of Technology)

(http://New Ultrafast Water Disinfection Method Is More Environmentally Friendly | Research (gatech.edu)) / 2023³â 2¿ù 20ÀÏ]


[³í¹® Ãâó = ¡º³×ÀÌó ¿öÅÍ(Nature Water¡»(https://www.nature.com/articles/s44221-022-00003-2)]

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