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À̸§ °ü¸®ÀÚ waterindustry@hanmail.net ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ 2023.06.08 Á¶È¸¼ö 569
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[¿µ±¹] ¡°ÇÏõ¡¤°­À» ¿ìȸ½ÃÅ°¸é ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ÇÏõ¿¡ ´õ ¿À·¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±

¿µ±¹ ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ À̲ô´Â ±¹Á¦ °úÇÐÀÚ ±×·ì, ¡º¿öÅÍ ¸®¼­Ä¡(Water Research)¡»¿¡ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú ¹ßÇ¥



¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³(University of Birmingham)°¡ À̲ô´Â ±¹Á¦ °úÇÐÀÚ ±×·ìÆÀÀº °³¿ï°ú °­À» ¿ìȸÇÏ¸é ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ¡º¿öÅÍ ¸®¼­Ä¡(Water Research)¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.  [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³(University of Birmingham)]

¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³(University of Birmingham)°¡ À̲ô´Â ±¹Á¦ °úÇÐÀÚ ±×·ìÆÀÀº °³¿ï°ú °­À» ¿ìȸÇÏ¸é ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ¡º¿öÅÍ ¸®¼­Ä¡(Water Research)¡»¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. [»çÁøÃâó(Photo source) = ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³(University of Birmingham)]

 

³óÀÛ¹°¿¡ °ü°³Çϰųª ½Ä¼ö¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ °³¿ï°ú °­¹°À» ¿ìȸ½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½(microplastic)ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù·Î Èê·¯ µé¾î°¡±â Àü¿¡ °­ À¯¿ª¿¡¼­ º¸³»´Â ½Ã°£À» Å©°Ô ¿¬Àå½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.


¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³(University of Birmingham)°¡ À̲ô´Â ±¹Á¦ °úÇÐÀÚ ±×·ìÆÀÀº ¡º¿öÅÍ ¸®¼­Ä¡(Water Research)¡»¿¡ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥Çϸ鼭 °ü°³ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÑ °­¹° Àüȯ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ¹°°ü¸®°¡ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ¿î¼Û¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­´Â °­¿¡¼­ À¯ÃâµÈ ¹°ÀÌ ÀÛÀº Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ö·Î³ª Àα٠À¯¿ªÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã Èê·Áº¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³óÁö¿¡ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°¸é¼­ ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÇ È帧 ÃßÁ¤¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ¹Ì±¹ ÄݷζóµµÀÇ µÎ ½ÖÀÇ °­ÀÎ º¼´õ Å©¸¯(Boulder Creek)°ú ´ú µµ½ÃÈ­µÈ Áö·ù »ç¿ì¼ö º¼´õ Å©¸¯(South Boulder Creek)À» ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ºÎÇϻӸ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áö¿ª ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµÀÇ ¾÷½ºÆ®¸² ÇÁ·ÎÆÄÀÏ(up-to-downstream profiles)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ½ÃÈ­ ¹× È帧 º¯È­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» Æò°¡Çß´Ù. ÀÔÀÚÀÇ È帧 °¡Áß ´Ù¿î½ºÆ®¸² Àü¼ÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.


¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³(University of Birmingham)ÀÇ ¾È³ª ÄíÄݶó(Anna Kukkola) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ¡°¿ì¸®´Â °­ À¯¿ªÀÇ µµ½ÃÈ­ Á¤µµ¿Í °üÂûµÈ °­ÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµ »çÀÌÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» ¹ß°ßÇßÀ¸¸ç, Àΰ£ È°µ¿À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÌ »ê¾Ç À¯¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ Áï½Ã Áõ°¡ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °­Á¶Çß´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.


¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº µÎ °­ÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµ ÆÐÅÏÀÌ Áý¼ö µµ½ÃÈ­ Á¤µµ¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. µÎ ÇÏõÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµ¿Í µµ½ÃÈ­ »çÀÌÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. »ç¿ì¼ö º¼´õ Å©¸¯´Ù ÅðÀû¹°ÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò°í µµ½ÃÈ­µÈ Áö¿ªÀ» Áö³¯¼ö·Ï ÇÏ·ù ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ³óµµ°¡ Áõ°¡Çß´Ù.


¼ö¼® ÀúÀåÀÎ ¾È³ª ÄíÄݶó(Anna Kukkola) ¿¬±¸¿øÀº ƯÈ÷ ¡°ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÇÙ½É Âü½ÅÇÔÀº ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ Ç÷°½ºÀÇ Á¤·®È­¸¦ À§ÇØ ¿©±â¿¡¼­ óÀ½À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ·Îµù ¹æ½ÄÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ °ø±Þ¿øÀ» ½Äº°ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ¼ö¼Û ÆÐÅÏÀÇ ´Ù¿î½ºÆ®¸² ÁøÈ­¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °­ À¯¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½À» ÀüȯÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í °­Á¶Çß´Ù.


°øµ¿ ÀúÀÚÀÎ ¹Ì±¹ ÁöÁúÁ¶»ç±¹(United States Geological Survey)ÀÇ ·Ó ·±ÄÌ(Rob Runkel)Àº  ¡°¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ´õ µµ½ÃÈ­µÈ º¼´õ Å©¸¯ À¯¿ª¿¡¼­ 3¹è¿¡¼­ 9¹è ´õ ¸¹Àº ÇÏÁßÀ» º¸°í ÀÖ´Â ¿°È­¹°°ú °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ µµ½Ã ÆÄ»ý ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °á°ú¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.


¶ÇÇÑ ±¹Á¦ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº µÎ ÇÏõÀÇ È帧 ÀüȯÀÇ ±Ô¸ð·Î ÀÎÇØ °¢ ÇÏõ¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÇ°í ½ÇÁ¦ Áý¼öÁö ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ¿î¹ÝµÈ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿¬±¸µÈ µÎ °­¿¡¼­ ÃÊ´ç 500°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚ(¶Ç´Â ½Ã°£´ç 180¸¸ °³)ÀÇ È帧 ÀüȯÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½ Á¦°Å¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çß´Ù.


¹Ì±¹ ÄݷζóµµÁÖ º¼´õ Å©¸®Å©(B1¡­34)¿Í »ç¿ì½º º¼´õ Å©¸®Å©(S1¡­15)¸¦ µû¶ó ÁÖ¿ä ÅäÁö ÇǺ¹ µî±Þ(¼½¼Ç 2.4)°ú »ùÇøµ À§Ä¡(°ËÀº Á¡)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Áý¼ö Áö¿ª Áöµµ. ÆĶõ»ö È­»ìÇ¥´Â È帧 ¹æÇâÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÁÖȲ»ö°ú ºÐÈ«»ö ¼±Àº °¢°¢ SBC ¹× BC Áý¼ö ±¸¿ªÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. °¢ »ùÇøµ À§Ä¡ÀÇ ÁÂÇ¥´Â Ç¥ S1¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÅäÁö ÇǺ¹ Ŭ·¡½º [±âŸ]¿¡´Â ´Ù³â»ý ¾óÀ½ / ´«, ºÒ¸ðÀÇ ¶¥, ÃÊ¿ø, °ü¸ñ / ½ºÅ©·´, Àç¹è ÀÛ¹° ¹× »ý°úÀÚ °ÇÃÊ°¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.  [±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = ¡º¿öÅÍ ¸®¼­Ä¡(Water Research)¡»]

¹Ì±¹ ÄݷζóµµÁÖ º¼´õ Å©¸®Å©(B1¡­34)¿Í »ç¿ì½º º¼´õ Å©¸®Å©(S1¡­15)¸¦ µû¶ó ÁÖ¿ä ÅäÁö ÇǺ¹ µî±Þ(¼½¼Ç 2.4)°ú »ùÇøµ À§Ä¡(°ËÀº Á¡)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Áý¼ö Áö¿ª Áöµµ. ÆĶõ»ö È­»ìÇ¥´Â È帧 ¹æÇâÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÁÖȲ»ö°ú ºÐÈ«»ö ¼±Àº °¢°¢ SBC ¹× BC Áý¼ö ±¸¿ªÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. °¢ »ùÇøµ À§Ä¡ÀÇ ÁÂÇ¥´Â Ç¥ S1¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÅäÁö ÇǺ¹ Ŭ·¡½º [±âŸ]¿¡´Â ´Ù³â»ý ¾óÀ½ / ´«, ºÒ¸ðÀÇ ¶¥, ÃÊ¿ø, °ü¸ñ / ½ºÅ©·´, Àç¹è ÀÛ¹° ¹× »ý°úÀÚ °ÇÃÊ°¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. [±×¸²Ãâó(picture source) = ¡º¿öÅÍ ¸®¼­Ä¡(Water Research)¡»]

 

2012³â¿¡´Â ºÏ¹Ì¿¡¼­¸¸ 241§ªÀÇ ¹°ÀÌ ³ó¾÷¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀüȯµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î 2õ670§ª°¡ ÀüȯµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¿¬±¸ÀÇ >63¥ìm ÀÔÀÚ ÀÓ°è°ªÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÑ º¸¼öÀûÀÎ ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸Å³â ¾à 41Á¶ °³ÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ °­ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ ºÏ¹Ì Áö¿ªÀÇ À°»ó ȯ°æÀ¸·Î ÀçºÐ¹èµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÃßÁ¤Çß´Ù. Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î 1Á¶ °³ÀÇ ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ÀçºÐ¹èµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


°øµ¿ ÀúÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¼ö¼®¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³ÀÇ ½ºÅ×ÆÇ Å©¶ó¿ì½º(Stefan Krause) ±³¼ö´Â ¡°°­ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ µû¶ó ¹Ì¼¼Çöó½ºÆ½ Ç÷°½ºÀÇ ¼ö·Å. µû¶ó¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇöÀç ¸ðµ¨Àº °­ À¯¿ª¿¡ º¸°üµÈ Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÇ ¾ç°ú ü·ù ½Ã°£À» °ú¼Ò Æò°¡ÇÏ°í ¹Ì¼¼ Çöó½ºÆ½ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù·Î ¿î¹ÝµÇ´Â ¼Óµµ¸¦ °ú´ë Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ³íÆòÇß´Ù.


µ¶¼º Æò°¡´Â ÇöÀç ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÁö¸¸, °øµ¿ÀúÀÚÀÎ ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̼³Æ® ¸°Ä¡ ±³¼ö(Iseult Lynch)´Â ¡°ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ¼ö»ý ¹× À°»ó ȯ°æ°ú »ýÅ°迡 ´ëÇÑ »ýŵ¶¼º ¿µÇâÀ» ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¸Å¿ì °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó¸é¼­ ¡°Çâ»óµÈ Áö»ó ü·ù ½Ã°£À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ (½É°¢ÇÑ) ³ëÃâÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¿ª¼³Çß´Ù.


[¿ø¹®º¸±â]


River diversions may cause microplastics to remain longer in streams before reaching oceans


 

Diverting streams and rivers to irrigate crops or provide drinking water may significantly extend the time microplastics spend in river catchments before they flow into our oceans, a new study reveals.


Publishing their findings in Water Research, an international group of scientists led by the University of Birmingham, highlight the impact of water management in terms of river diversions for irrigation purposes on microplastic transport.


These diversions can have significant impact on the estimates of the pollutant¡¯s flow towards our oceans, with the diverted water from rivers dispersing the tiny plastic particles across farmland from where they may be flushed back into other watercourses or neighbouring catchments.


The research team studied two paired rivers in Colorado, United States - the Boulder Creek and its less urbanised tributary South Boulder Creek - evaluating the effects of urbanisation and flow diversions on the up-to-downstream profiles of local microplastic concentrations as well as microplastic loads, indicating the flow-weighted downstream transport of particles.


Anna Kukkola - University of Birmingham said : ¡°We discovered strong links between the degree of urbanisation in the river catchment and observed river microplastic concentrations, highlighting how human activities resulted in immediate increase in microplastics in this mountainous catchment.¡±


The researchers found that microplastic concentration patterns in both rivers were related to the degree of catchment urbanisation: Data from both streams suggests a link between microplastic concentration and urbanisation, as microplastic concentrations in Boulder Creek with a more urbanised catchment were higher in both surface water and sediment than in South Boulder Creek, and microplastic concentration increased in downstream direction when passing more urbanised areas.


Lead author Anna Kukkola, from the University of Birmingham, commented: ¡°We discovered strong links between the degree of urbanisation in the river catchment and observed river microplastic concentrations, highlighting how human activities resulted in immediate increase in microplastics in this mountainous catchment.


¡°A key novelty of this study is the application of the loading approach which is used here for the first time for the quantification of microplastics fluxes and enabled us to not only identify microplastic sources but also determine the downstream evolution of microplastic transport patterns and in this case also the diversion of microplastics out of the river catchment.¡±


Co-author Rob Runkel, from the United States Geological Survey, added: ¡°These results for microplastics are consistent with our results for other urban-derived elements such as chloride, where we are seeing 3 to 9 times more loading in the more urbanized Boulder Creek watershed.¡±


The international team furthermore discovered that the magnitude of flow diversions from both streams resulted in large quantities of microplastic being removed from each stream and being transported out of their actual catchment. They measured microplastic removal through flow diversions of over 500 microplastic particles per second (or 1,800,00 per hour) from the two rivers studied.


To put this into perspective: In 2012, 241 km3 of water were diverted for agricultural purposes in North America alone with 2,670 km3 having been diverted globally. By using conservative estimates based on the >63 ¥ìm particle threshold of their study, the researchers estimated that this could result in around 41 trillion microplastic particles being redistributed out of river networks into the terrestrial environment in North America every year, with as many as 459 trillion particles being redistributed globally.


Co-author and Principal Investigator Professor Stefan Krause, from the University of Birmingham, commented: ¡°How we manage our streams and rivers can have a substantial impact on the transport of microplastics, yet these effects have not been incorporated into global models that assume downstream convergence of microplastic fluxes along river networks. Our current models may, therefore, underestimate the quantities and residence times of plastics held in river catchments and overestimate the speed with which microplastics are transported into our oceans.¡±


While toxicity assessment was not a focus of the current study, co-author Professor Iseult Lynch from the University of Birmingham noted: ¡°The results of this study are highly relevant for estimating ecotoxicological impacts on aquatic and terrestrial environments and ecosystems, with enhanced terrestrial residence times resulting in extended (chronic) exposures.¡±


[Ãâó = ¹ö¹Ö¾ö´ëÇб³(University of Birmingham)(https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/2023/diversions-may-cause-microplastics-to-remain-longer-on-land-and-in-streams-before-reaching-oceans) / 2023³â 6¿ù 5ÀÏ]

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